Abstract: A clock synchronization apparatus; a network having master and slave clocks; and a method of synchronizing clocks are disclosed.

Abstract: A signal processing system and method which operates to reduce a crest factor of an input signal without increasing the signal bandwidth. An embodiment provides for identifying peaks in the input signal which exceed a clipping threshold. The characteristics of such identified peaks can then be used to determine a clipping wavelet which can be added to a waveform of the input signal so that the peak will not exceed the clipping threshold. The addition of the wavelet is a linear operation, and the clipping wavelet is limited in terms of bandwidth and time, such that it does not increase the out-of-band spectral content of the input signal.

Abstract: A trigger architecture for generating a trigger; a measurement system including a trigger architecture; and a method of processing measurement data are described.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converting system for producing an interleaved analog signal with enhanced bandwidth includes a first digital-to-analog converter for receiving a first digital data stream and converting the first digital data stream to a first analog signal and a second digital-to-analog converter for receiving a second digital data stream and converting the second digital data stream to a second analog signal. The digital-to-analog converting system is clocked by a clock signal having a clock period, and further includes first timing circuitry for receiving the first analog signal and outputting the first analog signal for a first half of the clock period and second timing circuitry for receiving the second analog signal and outputting the second analog signal for a second half of the clock period to produce the interleaved analog signal.

Abstract: A microwave imaging system for performing standoff microwave imaging includes an antenna array with a plurality of antenna elements, each capable of being programmed with a respective direction coefficient to direct microwave illumination toward a target within a volume that includes a standoff region, and each capable of being programmed with a respective additional direction coefficient to receive reflected microwave illumination reflected from the target. A processor measures an intensity of the reflected microwave illumination to determine a value of a voxel within a microwave image of the volume. The processor constructs the microwave image with a resolution sufficient to identify objects within the standoff region.

Abstract: A handheld microwave imaging device provides screening of objects, such as persons and other items. The imaging device includes an antenna array of antenna elements, each capable of being programmed with a respective direction coefficient to direct microwave illumination toward a target associated with the object, and each capable of being programmed with a respective additional direction coefficient to receive reflected microwave illumination reflected from the target. The imaging device further includes a processor operable to measure an intensity of the reflected microwave illumination to determine a value of a voxel within a microwave image of the object. The antenna array is compliantly mounted in a first portion of a support structure, while a second portion of the support structure defines a handle for enabling a user to control movement of the device.

Abstract: A test measurement system and method which uses parallel digital samples of an input measurement signal to determine a trigger point for a predetermined trigger waveform. The system correlates the predetermined trigger waveform with digital samples of the input measurement signal. The result of this correlation is then used to identify a trigger point. Generally the point in time where the trigger waveform has the strongest correlation with the digital samples identifies the desired trigger point. This trigger point is then used to identify the selected measurement data, where the selected measurement data corresponds to the digital samples obtained at the trigger point time.

Abstract: A system to control the fixed mass/spring mechanical resonance of the motor in conjunction with a model of the motor that estimates the present position and allows the determination of the motor stator voltage pattern which will produce the requested output force. This approach effectively eliminates the electrical restoring force from the motor dynamics and minimizes the problems associated with the varying resonant frequency of the motor.

Abstract: A sensor and method for using the same is disclosed. The sensor includes an optical cavity defined by first and second mirrors that have a spacing therebetween that varies in response to a force applied to the sensor and to a control voltage. The sensor has a drive circuit that measures light leaving an output port that samples light in said cavity and applies the control voltage to the optical cavity such that the spacing between the mirrors remains at a predetermined value independent of the force, the control voltage determining an output signal that provides a measurement of the force applied to the optical cavity. In one embodiment, the first mirror is fixed to the second mirror by a spring mechanism that causes the first mirror to move away from the second mirror, and the control voltage causes the first mirror to move toward the second mirror.

Abstract: Techniques for determining a synchronization error of a local clock by deriving fractional clock period error information enable increased accuracy in local clock synchronization without increasing local clock frequency. A system for determining a synchronization error according to the present techniques generates a timing message in response to a master clock and includes an error measurement circuit that determines a synchronization error for a local clock in response to the timing message such that the synchronization error includes a fraction of a period of the local clock.

Abstract: A sensor and method for using the same is disclosed. The sensor includes an optical cavity defined by first and second mirrors that have a spacing therebetween that varies in response to a force applied to the sensor and to a control voltage. The sensor has a drive circuit that measures light leaving an output port that samples light in said cavity and applies the control voltage to the optical cavity such that the spacing between the mirrors remains at a predetermined value independent of the force, the control voltage determining an output signal that provides a measurement of the force applied to the optical cavity. In one embodiment, the first mirror is fixed to the second mirror by a spring mechanism that causes the first mirror to move away from the second mirror, and the control voltage causes the first mirror to move toward the second mirror.

Abstract: An a data input system includes an encoded pad having position encoding and a data input device adapted to image a portion of the encoded pad to determine position and orientation of the data input device relative to the encoded pad. The encoding pad includes a plurality of correlation windows. Each correlation window includes a primary encoding marker in form of vertical line segment and a set of secondary encoding markers in form of diagonal line segments, at least one diagonal line segment intersecting the vertical line segment at an intersection angle. Spacing of the diagonal line segments encodes the X-axis position of the input device relative to the encoding pad. Intersection angle encodes the Y-axis position of the input device relative to the encoding pad. Angle of the primary encoding marker vertical line segment within the frame of the captured image encodes the angular orientation of the input device relative to the axes of the encoded pad.

Abstract: An upconverting circuit is disclosed. The upconverting circuit includes a polyphase component generator that provides Np polyphase components at each input polyphase cycle, wherein Np>2 on each input polyphase cycle defined by a clock. A memory stores the polyphase components from at least one polyphase cycle prior to the current polyphase cycle. A plurality of filters process the polyphase components stored in the memory. Each filter processes a plurality of the polyphase components to generate a filtered polyphase component corresponding to that filter. A multiplexer outputs the filtered polyphase components in a predetermined order to generate a filtered output signal. In one embodiment, each filter utilizes the same functional relationship to generate the filtered polyphase components. In another embodiment, the memory is a shift register. The filters can be of arbitrary complexity.