Abstract: In the production of stretch Oriented poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) filaments suitable for use in medical products (e.g. sutures), high speed production is achievable by application, prior to the drawing step, of a lubricant which minimizes filament breakage and facilitates the use of draw ratios of at least 2:1, more typically at least 5:1.

Abstract: An aqueous emulsion comprising a major amount of polydimethylsiloxane and a small amount of an ethoxylated long-chain alkyl alcohol provides an advantageous finish for spandex filaments.

Abstract: Macrocyclic ring opening reaction. The 2-nitro cycloalkan-1-ones and similar 2-nitro heterocyclic compounds are ring opened by reduction of the carbonyl oxygen with an anionic species such as NaBH.sub.4. An .alpha.,.omega.-nitro alcohol is recovered.

Abstract: Compounds that are themselves effective cetane improvers in diesel fuel but are considered too explosion sensitive for safe handling can be rendered relatively nonsensitive by blending with nitric acid esters of bicyclic or tricyclic alcohols containing a four-membered or five-membered ring and the resulting blend is an effective cetane improver. An example is a 50-50 blend of 2-methyl-2-nitropropyl nitrate, a shock-sensitive compound, with 5,6-cyclopenteno-2-norbornyl nitrate to give a relatively insensitive, but very effective cetane improver.

Abstract: Cetane number of diesel fuel is increased by the addition of a tetrahydro-2,5-furandimethanol dinitrate.

Abstract: A mixture of aliphatic primary monohydric alcohol and alkoxyalkanol is continuously nitrated by reaction with a nitric-sulfuric acid mixture at -10.degree. to 15.degree. C. to yield an organic nitrate mixture containing substantial amounts of alkoxyalkyl nitrate useful as a cetane improver in diesel fuel.

Abstract: Zeolite-ruthenium catalysts in which the ruthenium is in the form of a cation are very effective in catalyzing the hydrogenation of a broad range of organic compounds.

Abstract: Cetane rating of diesel fuel is increased by adding a dioxane nitrate such as m-dioxan-5-ol nitrate and 1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol nitrate.

Abstract: Cetane number of diesel fuel is increased by the addition of a 4-morpholine ethanol nitrate.

Abstract: The cetane number of diesel fuel is increased by the addition of a tetrahydropyranol nitrate ester, e.g. tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol nitrate.

Abstract: The cetane rating of diesel fuel is increased by the addition of a small but effective amount of a tetrahydrofurandiol dinitrate.

Abstract: The cetane rating of diesel fuel, both hydrocarbon and alcohol, is increased by adding a 1-alkylpiperidinol nitrate ester, e.g. 1-methyl-3 or 4-piperidinol nitrate.

Abstract: Process for preparing an aldehyde by hydrolysis of a monohalide and a dihalide, thereby obtaining a mixture of an alcohol and an aldehyde, and further reacting said mixture with manganese dioxide to convert said alcohol to said aldehyde.