Patents by Inventor Paul E. Penwell
Paul E. Penwell has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Publication number: 20190308878Abstract: Systems and methods for producing microcrystalline alpha alane are provided herein. An exemplary process comprises the elimination of the crystallization aid lithium borohydride through the use of excess lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride. Further exemplary processes comprise methods for passivating microcrystalline alpha alane using a weak acid in a nonaqueous solvent solution.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 24, 2019Publication date: October 10, 2019Inventors: David Stout, Henry Fong, Elisabeth McLaughlin, Paul E. Penwell, Mark A. Petrie, Robert Wilson
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Patent number: 10435297Abstract: Systems and methods for producing microcrystalline alpha alane are provided herein. An exemplary process comprises the elimination of the crystallization aid lithium borohydride through the use of excess lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride. Further exemplary processes comprise methods for passivating microcrystalline alpha alane using a weak acid in a nonaqueous solvent solution.Type: GrantFiled: June 16, 2016Date of Patent: October 8, 2019Assignee: Ardica Technologies, Inc.Inventors: David Stout, Henry Fong, Elisabeth McLaughlin, Paul E. Penwell, Mark A. Petrie, Robert Wilson
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Patent number: 10233079Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for heating alane etherate compositions for producing microcrystalline alpha alane. An exemplary heating method comprises introducing a preheated solvent into the alane etherate composition and rapidly stirring to effectuate rapid heating of the composition without the need to heat the reactor walls. In this way, the alane etherate composition can be heated while also reducing the risk of decomposition. In further embodiments, a two-stage reactor can be employed for producing alpha alane, wherein the heating occurs in the second stage.Type: GrantFiled: June 15, 2016Date of Patent: March 19, 2019Assignee: Ardica Technologies, Inc.Inventors: David Stout, Elisabeth McLaughlin, Henry Fong, Georgina Hum, Paul E. Penwell, Robert Wilson, Mark A. Petrie
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Publication number: 20180155195Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for heating alane etherate compositions for producing microcrystalline alpha alane. An exemplary heating method comprises introducing a preheated solvent into the alane etherate composition and rapidly stirring to effectuate rapid heating of the composition without the need to heat the reactor walls. In this way, the alane etherate composition can be heated while also reducing the risk of decomposition. In further embodiments, a two-stage reactor can be employed for producing alpha alane, wherein the heating occurs in the second stage.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 1, 2018Publication date: June 7, 2018Inventors: David Stout, Elisabeth McLaughlin, Henry Fong, Georgina Hum, Paul E. Penwell, Robert Wilson, Mark A. Petrie
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Publication number: 20170275163Abstract: Systems and methods for producing microcrystalline alpha alane are provided herein. An exemplary process for producing microcrystalline alpha alane includes reacting lithium aluminum hydride and aluminum chloride in a solvent to produce alane etherate, filtering alane etherate from the reactant, combining the filtered alane etherate with a lithium borohydride solution to produce solids that include microcrystalline alane etherate, removing remaining solvent from the solids, creating a slurry from the solids and an aromatic solvent, and heating the slurry to convert the microcrystalline alane etherate to microcrystalline alpha alane.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 9, 2017Publication date: September 28, 2017Inventors: Mark A. Petrie, David Stout, Paul E. Penwell, Sigridur Suman, Allen Dodge
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Patent number: 9676625Abstract: Systems and methods for producing microcrystalline alpha alane are provided herein. An exemplary process for producing microcrystalline alpha alane includes reacting lithium aluminum hydride and aluminum chloride in a solvent to produce alane etherate, filtering alane etherate from the reactant, combining the filtered alane etherate with a lithium borohydride solution to produce solids that include microcrystalline alane etherate, removing remaining solvent from the solids, creating a slurry from the solids and an aromatic solvent, and heating the slurry to convert the microcrystalline alane etherate to microcrystalline alpha alane.Type: GrantFiled: November 7, 2012Date of Patent: June 13, 2017Assignee: Ardica Technologies, Inc.Inventors: Mark A. Petrie, David Stout, Paul E. Penwell, Sigridur Suman, Allen Dodge
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Publication number: 20160368768Abstract: Systems and methods for producing microcrystalline alpha alane are provided herein. An exemplary process comprises the elimination of the crystallization aid lithium borohydride through the use of excess lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride. Further exemplary processes comprise methods for passivating microcrystalline alpha alane using a weak acid in a nonaqueous solvent solution.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 16, 2016Publication date: December 22, 2016Inventors: David Stout, Henry Fong, Elisabeth Mclaughlin, Paul E. Penwell, Mark A. Petrie
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Publication number: 20160297678Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for heating alane etherate compositions for producing microcrystalline alpha alane. An exemplary heating method comprises introducing a preheated solvent into the alane etherate composition and rapidly stirring to effectuate rapid heating of the composition without the need to heat the reactor walls. In this way, the alane etherate composition can be heated while also reducing the risk of decomposition. In further embodiments, a two-stage reactor can be employed for producing alpha alane, wherein the heating occurs in the second stage.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 15, 2016Publication date: October 13, 2016Inventors: David Stout, Elisabeth MacLaughlin, Henry Fong, Georgina Hum, Paul E. Penwell, Robert Wilson, Mark A. Petrie
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Publication number: 20090139618Abstract: Novel compounds are provided in the form of a salt having the structure of formula (I) or formula (II) wherein: R1 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C24 alkyl, C2-C24 alkenyl, C2-C24 alkynyl, C5-C20 aryl, C6-C24 alkaryl, and C6-C24 aralkyl; R2 is H, C1-C24 alkyl or nitro; X is O or NR3 in which R3 is H, C1-C24 alkyl or nitro; Zm+ is a monovalent cation, a divalent cation, or a trivalent cation; M+ is an alkali metal cation; and m and n are 1, 2 or 3, with the proviso that the compound contains at least one nitro group. Exemplary such compounds are the ammonium salt of the N-hydroxyl-N?-nitrourea (NHNU) monoanion and the disodium salt of the NHNU dianion. Also provided, as novel compositions of matter, are N-hydroxyl-N?-nitrourea and N-hydroxyl-N-nitroguanidine in electronically neutral form. The compounds are useful in a variety of contexts, but are primarily useful as high energy oxidizing agents in explosive compositions, propellant formulations, gas-generating compositions, and the like.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 6, 2002Publication date: June 4, 2009Inventors: Mark A. Petrie, Jeffrey C. Bottaro, Paul E. Penwell, Allen L. Dodge
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Patent number: 6833478Abstract: A method is provided for enhancing the solubility of an ionizable compound in a lipophilic medium by admixing the compound with an effective solubility-enhancing amount of an N,N-dinitramide salt. The ionizable compound, upon ionization, gives rise to a biologically active cationic species that ionically associates with the N,N-dinitramide anion N(NO2)2− following admixture with the N,N-dinitramide salt. The biologically active cationic species may be a pharmacologically active cation, in which case the method is useful for enhancing the penetration of the blood-brain barrier by the pharmacologically active cation. In other embodiments, the ionizable compounds are medical imaging or diagnostic agents, or agricultural agents such as pesticides. Salts of biologically active cations and N,N-dinitramide ion are also provided as novel compositions of matter.Type: GrantFiled: July 13, 2001Date of Patent: December 21, 2004Assignee: SRI InternationalInventors: Jeffrey C. Bottaro, Mark A. Petrie, Paul E. Penwell, David C. Bomberger
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Patent number: 6617064Abstract: The present invention features methods for preparing stabilized &agr;-AlH3 and &agr;′-AlH3, compositions containing these alane polymorphs, e.g., energetic compositions such as rocket propellants, and methods for using the novel polymorphs as chemical reducing agents, polymerization catalysts, and as a hydrogen source in fuel cells and batteries. The method produces stabilized alane by treating &agr;-AlH3 with an acidic solution that optionally contains a stabilizing agent such as an electron donor, an electron acceptor, or a compound which coordinates the Al3+ ion.Type: GrantFiled: March 29, 2001Date of Patent: September 9, 2003Assignee: SRI InternationalInventors: Mark A. Petrie, Jeffrey C. Bottaro, Robert J. Schmitt, Paul E. Penwell, David C. Bomberger
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Patent number: 6613926Abstract: Novel compounds are provided in the form of nucleoside pyrophosphate and triphosphate analogs. In these analogs, the pyrophosphate or triphosphate group is replaced with a moiety that is isosterically and electronically identical thereto, but is hydrolytically and enzymatically more stable. The compounds are useful as therapeutic agents, e.g., as antiviral agents, anticancer agents, metabolic moderators and the like. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing a compound of the invention as an active agent, and in addition provides methods of treating disease, including viral infections, cancer, bacterial infections, inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases, and the like, by administering a compound of the invention to a patient in need of such treatment.Type: GrantFiled: November 1, 2000Date of Patent: September 2, 2003Assignee: SRI InternationalInventors: Jeffrey C. Bottaro, Robert J. Schmitt, Mark A. Petrie, Paul E. Penwell
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Patent number: 6552051Abstract: Novel compounds are provided having the structural formula R[—N(NO2)—L—R1]n wherein R, L, R1 and n are defined herein. The compounds are useful in a variety of contexts, but are primarily to be used as high energy oxidizing agents in explosive compositions, propellant formulations, gas-generating compositions and the like. The compounds are also useful as pharmaceutical agents. Compositions containing the compounds are also provided, including energetic compositions, as are methods for using the novel compounds and compositions.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 2001Date of Patent: April 22, 2003Assignee: SRI InternationalInventors: Jeffrey C. Bottaro, Robert J. Schmitt, Mark A. Petrie, Paul E. Penwell
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Publication number: 20030026850Abstract: A method is provided for enhancing the solubility of an ionizable compound in a lipophilic medium by admixing the compound with an effective solubility-enhancing amount of an N,N-dinitramide salt. The ionizable compound, upon ionization, gives rise to a biologically active cationic species that ionically associates with the N,N-dinitramide anion N(NO2)2− following admixture with the N,N-dinitramide salt. The biologically active cationic species may be a pharmacologically active cation, in which case the method is useful for enhancing the penetration of the blood-brain barrier by the pharmacologically active cation. In other embodiments, the ionizable compounds are medical imaging or diagnostic agents, or agricultural agents such as pesticides. Salts of biologically active cations and N,N-dinitramide ion are also provided as novel compositions of matter.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 13, 2001Publication date: February 6, 2003Inventors: Jeffrey C. Bottaro, Mark A. Petrie, Paul E. Penwell, David C. Bomberger
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Publication number: 20010044544Abstract: Novel compounds are provided having the structural formula R[—N(NO2)—L—R1]n wherein R, L, R1 and n are defined herein. The compounds are useful in a variety of contexts, but are primarily to be used as high energy oxidizing agents in explosive compositions, propellant formulations, gas-generating compositions and the like. The compounds are also useful as pharmaceutical agents. Compositions containing the compounds are also provided, including energetic compositions, as are methods for using the novel compounds and compositions.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 7, 2001Publication date: November 22, 2001Inventors: Jeffrey C. Bottaro, Robert J. Schmitt, Mark A. Petrie, Paul E. Penwell
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Publication number: 20010038821Abstract: The present invention features methods for preparing stabilized &agr;-AlH3 and &agr;′-AlH3, compositions containing these alane polymorphs, e.g., energetic compositions such as rocket propellants, and methods for using the novel polymorphs as chemical reducing agents, polymerization catalysts, and as a hydrogen source in fuel cells and batteries. The method produces stabilized alane by treating &agr;-AlH3 with an acidic solution that optionally contains a stabilizing agent such as an electron donor, an electron acceptor, or a compound which coordinates the Al3+ ion.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 29, 2001Publication date: November 8, 2001Inventors: Mark A. Petrie, Jeffrey C. Bottaro, Robert J. Schmitt, Paul E. Penwell, David C. Bomberger
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Patent number: 6303774Abstract: Novel compounds are provided in the form of nucleoside pyrophosphate and triphosphate analogs. In these analogs, the pyrophosphate or triphosphate group is replaced with a moiety that is isosterically and electronically identical thereto, but is hydrolytically and enzymatically more stable. The compounds are useful as therapeutic agents, e.g., as antiviral agents, anticancer agents, metabolic moderators and the like. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing a compound of the invention as an active agent, and in addition provides methods of treating disease, including viral infections, cancer, bacterial infections, inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases, and the like, by administering a compound of the invention to a patient in need of such treatment.Type: GrantFiled: August 20, 1999Date of Patent: October 16, 2001Assignee: SRI InternationalInventors: Jeffrey C. Bottaro, Robert J. Schmitt, Mark A. Petrie, Paul E. Penwell
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Patent number: 6255512Abstract: Novel compounds are provided having the structural formula R[—N(NO2)—L—R1]n wherein R, L, R1 and n are defined herein. The compounds are useful in a variety of contexts, but are primarily to be used as high energy oxidizing agents in explosive compositions, propellant formulations, gas-generating compositions and the like. The compounds are also useful as pharmaceutical agents. Compositions containing the compounds are also provided, including energetic compositions, as are methods for using the novel compounds and compositions.Type: GrantFiled: October 7, 1999Date of Patent: July 3, 2001Assignee: SRI InternationalInventors: Jeffrey C. Bottaro, Robert J. Schmitt, Mark A. Petrie, Paul E. Penwell
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Patent number: 6228338Abstract: The present invention features methods for preparing stabilized &agr;-AlH3 and &agr;′-AlH3, compositions containing these alane polymorphs, e.g., energetic compositions such as rocket propellants, and methods for using the novel polymorphs as chemical reducing agents, polymerization catalysts, and as a hydrogen source in fuel cells and batteries. The method produces stabilized alane by treating &agr;-AlH3 with an acidic solution that optionally contains a stabilizing agent such as an electron donor, an electron acceptor, or a compound which coordinates the Al3+ ion.Type: GrantFiled: June 16, 1999Date of Patent: May 8, 2001Assignee: SRI InternationalInventors: Mark A. Petrie, Jeffrey C. Bottaro, Robert J. Schmitt, Paul E. Penwell, David C. Bomberger
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Patent number: 6156136Abstract: Novel energetic compounds are provided comprising N,N'-azobis-nitroazoles or analogs thereof. The compounds are useful as igniter materials in a variety of energetic compositions, particularly gas-generating compositions for inflating automobile or aircraft occupant restraint devices. The compounds are also useful in solid rocket propellant compositions, and as primary explosives to be used as detonators, blasting caps, firearms, and the like. Methods for synthesizing the compounds and manufacturing energetic compositions therewith are provided as well.Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 1998Date of Patent: December 5, 2000Assignee: SRI InternationalInventors: Jeffrey C. Bottaro, Robert J. Schmitt, Paul E. Penwell