Abstract: When iron group, especially high nickel, metal alloys that contain substantial amounts of copper are pickled, a displacement coating of copper that is called a “copper kiss” often forms on the pickled surface from the dissolved copper ions in the pickling solution before the pickling solution can be rinsed away. Traditionally this has been removed by treatment with aqueous ammonia, an annoying and potentially hazardous reagent that in many instances requires expensive pollution abatement devices. In this invention, copper kiss is equally effectively removed by treatment with a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, optionally also containing hydrofluoric acid.

Abstract: Rennet casein is added to water to provide a casein dispersion. An orthophosphate salt of a monovalent cation is added to the casein dispersion so as to solubilize the casein. A rennet casein product is then recovered. In a preferred embodiment, a magnesium salt is added to the casein solution and a casein product is thereafter recovered from the solution.

Abstract: A composition is provided which may be substituted for all or part of the milk solids used in the manufacture of food products. The composition includes whey solids, a proteinaceous material, a calcium source, a phosphate source, and a stabilizing agent. The stabilizing agent is selected from natural or artificial phosphorus containing lipid materials, anionic surface active agents other than fatty acids and the salts of fatty acids and mixtures thereof.