Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting distillate to gasoline-range hydrocarbons using a two-stage catalyst system including a first catalyst containing a Group VIII metal and a zeolite, and a second catalyst containing a Group VIII metal, tin and an inorganic oxide support.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting distillate to gasoline-range hydrocarbons using a two-stage catalyst system including a first catalyst containing platinum, palladium, or platinum and palladium, and an acidic support, and a second catalyst containing iridium and an inorganic oxide support, and optionally nickel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream wherein desulfurization is enhanced by improving the contacting of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream and sulfur-sorbing solid particulates in a fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting distillate to gasoline-range hydrocarbons using a two-stage catalyst system including a first catalyst containing a Group VIII metal and a zeolite, and a second catalyst containing a Group VIII metal, tin and an inorganic oxide support.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting distillate to gasoline-range hydrocarbons using a two-stage catalyst system including a first catalyst containing platinum, palladium, or platinum and palladium, and an acidic support, and a second catalyst containing iridium and an inorganic oxide support, and optionally nickel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream wherein desulfurization is enhanced by improving the contacting of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream and sulfur-sorbing solid particulates in a fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting distillate to gasoline-range hydrocarbons using a two-stage catalyst system including a first catalyst containing platinum, palladium, or platinum and palladium, and an acidic support, and a second catalyst containing iridium and an inorganic oxide support, and optionally nickel.

Abstract: A system for enhancing fluid/solids contacting in a fluidization reactor by controlling the particle size distribution of the solid particulates in the reactor.

Abstract: A desulfurization system employing fluidizable and circulatable finely divided solid sorbent particulates that are transported between reactor, regenerator, and reducer vessels. Agglomeration of the sorbent particulates is minimized and circulation of the sorbent particulates is enhanced by controlling the location at which the sorbent particulates are withdrawn from the reducer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream wherein desulfurization is enhanced by improving the contacting of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream and sulfur-sorbing solid particulates in a fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A system for removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream wherein regeneration of sulfur-loaded sorbent particulates is enhanced by improving the contacting of an oxygen-containing regeneration stream and the sulfur-loaded solid particulates in a fluidized bed regenerator.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream wherein desulfurization is enhanced by improving the contacting of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream and sulfur-sorbing solid particulates in a fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A novel composition containing a perovskite of the formula AB1−xB1x O3 and having a Group VIII metal incorporated thereon is disclosed; wherein A is a Group IIIB metal, B is a Group VIII metal, and B1 is a metal selected from the group consisting of the Group IVB metals, the Group VB metals, and the Group VIB metals.

Abstract: A system for enhancing fluid/solids contacting in a fluidization reactor by controlling the particle size distribution of the solid particulates in the reactor.

Abstract: Fluid/solids contacting in a fluidization reactor is enhanced by passing the fluidization fluid through a fine screen positioned below the fluidized bed of solid particulates, thereby decreasing axial dispersion in the reactor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream wherein desulfurization is enhanced by improving the contacting of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream and sulfur-sorbing solid particulates in a fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A method to rapidly characterize the hydrocarbon chemistry of heavy residual petroleum mixtures uses three model equations for predicting aromatic carbon content, aromatic hydrogen content and total hydrogen content of the heavy residual oil. The predictive equations are based on three easily measured bulk properties including refractive index, specific gravity and the Watson K factor.

Abstract: A predictive kinetic model is disclosed for simulating fluid catalytic cracking of large hydrocarbon molecules having a lumping scheme that includes hydrocarbon descriptions based on boiling point distribution and chemical properties. The simulation results in a nearly continuous prediction of products as function of boiling point temperature. The lumping scheme defines a relatively large number of small fixed boiling-point range pseudo-components for describing product material, and a smaller number of larger boiling-point range pseudo-components for describing feed conversion and selectivity. The chemical properties for describing hydrocarbons include total hydrogen, aromatic carbon and aromatic hydrogen.

Abstract: A kinetic model for a catalytic cracking riser reactor is stored in a computer for simulating a hydrocarbon cracking reaction. The stored model describes a reactants, an intermediate, and a product species, which are lumped according to boiling range. Reaction rate constants for cracking the individual components of the lumping scheme are functions of a statistical technique known as "principal components," which are in turn linear combinations of bulk properties characterizing both catalyst and oil and are based on historical operating data for the riser reaction.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is prepared using a solvated metal atom technique. The thus formed catalyst is active for the conversion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to hydrocarbons though it contains less than about 5% metal by weight of the catalyst.