Abstract: A power supply system which includes packaging and containing means for retaining a plurality of individual power sources therein, wherein the power sources are positively retained both laterally and longitudinally and are electrically connected to one another and are arranged to be connected to a circuit. A pair of deformable end plates having electrical contacts thereon are provided and longitudinal connectors are provided between the plates. The plate members have interconnecting circuitry elements thereon with a plurality of connecting rods and placement rods located between the plates to positively hold the batteries between the plates, which rods are provided with locating elements laterally thereof for positively holding the individual batteries in electrical contact between themselves and the plate members. The battery or power pack system is designed for utilization in various portable units wherein a long lasting power supply is desirable.

Abstract: Improved input filtering apparatus for loudspeaker systems, and loudspeaker systems including such apparatus. The bass roll-off point of input filtering apparatus for loudspeakers is automatically adjusted to an optimum in accordance with the amplitude and spectral content of the audio signal being received at the time, thereby attenuating components in the signal liable to cause "bottoming" of the loudspeaker.

Abstract: A device for holding film strips and the like in proper position on spiral reels or the like such that the film will be held onto the reel in proper spaced relation to permit the flow of the developer about the film for development thereof. The device includes a longitudinally extending body having a transverse dimension which will permit the device to extend across the width of the film and thus the corresponding spiral reel to contact the edges of the film and hold the same against the spirally formed elements of the reel. The device is designed to lock into the reel between the spiral elements thereof and may be used for full or partial strips of film.

Abstract: Class III-B metal ores such as Thorium and Uranium oxides are reduced to the powdered metal state by mixing them with a hydroxide such as Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), or others of the Classes I-A and II-A metal series, and sugar or starch, then heating the mixture until hydrocarbon fuel is produced and burns utilizing the oxygen of the ores for such combustion, then boiling the residue in water, flushing and rinsing it in same, further cleansing in hydrocarbon or alcohol solutions, again flushing and rinsing in water, drying, and screening the residue to metal powder.

Abstract: Ilmenite, one of the two natural occurring ores containing Titanium metal, is plentiful in comparison to the other, Rutile. However, Ilmenite can hardly compete with Rutile for Titanium metal production due to it's iron content, while Rutile includes only the oxides of Titanium (TiO.sub.2). Consequently, vast deposits of Ilmenite are not presently utilized for Titanium metal production because of the initial costs incident to first removal of the iron oxides from such ore so as to bring it to the proper chemical configuration (Rutile-like TiO.sub.2) for subsequent reductions to the metal; and thus that ore's vast deposits are not so utilized. Instant process utilizes powdered Ilmenite ore without such first removal of the iron oxides, and operates to produce a high grade Iron-Titanium alloy metal. The powdered ore is mixed with a solution containing primarily phosphoric acid, zinc oxide, and a sulfated surfactant.

Abstract: Ores containing copper metal are reduced to the metal by mixing them with a carbonate catalyst, both being in the finely divided state, then mixing them with a chemical liquid solution comprised mainly of phosphoric acid, zinc oxide, and a sulfated surfactant which is in the concentrated state, or optionally water may be added, allowed to react chemically while stirring, then optionally boiled, then smelted at such temperatures as necessary to smelt (melt) the copper out of the mass (matrix).

Abstract: Ores containing oxides of Titanium, Zirconium and Hafnium metals are reduced by mixing them in the powdered state with a base hydroxide of one of the Classes I-A or II-A metals of the periodic table of elements and either sugar or starch, mixing them well, then heating the mixture until ignition begins and maintaining the necessary heat until ignition is finished. The remaining residue is then flushed and boiled with water to remove waste chemicals, leached with hydrocarbon solvents, hydrochloric acid, again boiled with water, flushed, dryed, and then smelted to Class IV-B metal powder or ingot.