Abstract: A contact force testing apparatus includes a measuring sensor that can be contacted with an electrical contact element and measures a contact force (F) of a contact with the electrical contact element of an electrical connector having a male component and a female component. The measuring sensor receives the contact force in a contact region with a piezoelectric pick-up. The measuring sensor includes a plurality of piezoelectric pick-ups that are spaced apart from one another by pick-up gaps. The measuring sensor has a protective sleeve that covers the piezoelectric pick-ups and the pick-up gaps in the contact region.

Abstract: A contact force testing apparatus includes a measuring sensor that can be contacted with an electrical contact element and measures a contact force (F) of a contact with the electrical contact element. The measuring sensor includes piezoelectric material that receives the contact force (F) in a contact region and produces polarization charges. The measuring sensor includes an acceptor electrode that is completely surrounded by piezoelectric material in the contact region in the direction of a thickness extension of the measuring sensor and receives the polarization charges. A method is provided for the use of such a contact force testing apparatus, and a method is provided for producing such a contact force testing apparatus.

Abstract: A contact force testing apparatus includes a measuring sensor that can be contacted with an electrical contact element and measures a contact force (F) of a contact with the electrical contact element of an electrical connector having a male component and a female component. The measuring sensor receives the contact force in a contact region with a piezoelectric pick-up. The measuring sensor includes a plurality of piezoelectric pick-ups that are spaced apart from one another by pick-up gaps. The measuring sensor has a protective sleeve that covers the piezoelectric pick-ups and the pick-up gaps in the contact region.

Abstract: A contact force testing apparatus includes a measuring sensor that can be contacted with an electrical contact element and measures a contact force (F) of a contact with the electrical contact element. The measuring sensor includes piezoelectric material that receives the contact force (F) in a contact region and produces polarization charges. The measuring sensor includes an acceptor electrode that is completely surrounded by piezoelectric material in the contact region in the direction of a thickness extension of the measuring sensor and receives the polarization charges. A method is provided for the use of such a contact force testing apparatus, and a method is provided for producing such a contact force testing apparatus.

Abstract: A method is provided for connecting a diaphragm to a housing of a pressure or force sensor, wherein a measurement element is attached in the housing and can capture a load acting from the outside onto the diaphragm during the use of the finished sensor. A housing ring surface or the housing is situated opposite a diaphragm ring surface of the diaphragm, which are subjected to compressive loading by the load during use of the sensor. A first connection is produced in an inner region between the housing ring surface and the diaphragm ring surface until they rest against each other radially outside the first connection. Then a second connection connects the housing ring surface and the diaphragm ring surface to one another radially outside the first connection up to a shared outer edge. Here, a defined connection depth of the entire double connection is maintained.

Abstract: A method is provided for connecting a diaphragm to a housing of a pressure or force sensor, wherein a measurement element is attached in the housing and can capture a load acting from the outside onto the diaphragm during the use of the finished sensor. A housing ring surface or the housing is situated opposite a diaphragm ring surface of the diaphragm, which are subjected to compressive loading by the load during use of the sensor. A first connection is produced in an inner region between the housing ring surface and the diaphragm ring surface until they rest against each other radially outside the first connection. Then a second connection connects the housing ring surface and the diaphragm ring surface to one another radially outside the first connection up to a shared outer edge. Here, a defined connection depth of the entire double connection is maintained.

Abstract: A spark plug has an optical window for sensing combustion processes in an Otto engine. The optical window is located in the central electrode of the spark plug and has at least one lens exposed to the combustion chamber, as well as at least one flexible optical fiber which can conduct light through the spark plug from the lens to an analysis system.

Abstract: A spark plug has an optical window for sensing combustion processes in an Otto engine. The optical window is located in the central electrode of the spark plug and has at least one lens exposed to the combustion chamber, as well as at least one flexible optical fiber which can conduct light through the spark plug from the lens to an analysis system.