Abstract: To determine the total organic carbon content of a flowing liquid in a continuous process, water and oxidizing agents enter lower ports in a continuous column and flow upwardly along a helical path with air gaps as they are mixed. The helical reaction path is formed by a helical glass cylinder between an ultraviolet lamp and outer wall of a continuous glass tube to cause rapid motion of the liquid. An ultraviolet lamp extends downwardly through the center of the column so that the outer confining surface of the helical path is the outer surface of the ultraviolet lamp, causing the liquid to move rapidly in intimate contact with the ultraviolet lamp to receive intense radiation. An air gap permits escape of air and reduces bubble size to reduce plug flow.

Abstract: A hydrogen sulfide analyzer that continuously samples waste water from a waste stream or reservoir and measures the concentration of purgeable H.sub.2 S present (H.sub.2 SP) This information, when combined with the volume of water present, provides a control quality signal that regulates the feed rate of the destructor chemical into the waste stream. This results in chemical savings for the user. A second result is the reduction in odor complaints and the corrosion problems associated with H.sub.2 S emissions. The analyzer measures only the purgeable H.sub.2 S contained in the liquid sample. The analyzer violently agitates the sample containing dissolved H.sub.2 S in solution to simulate actual conditions at points of agitation in the waste water stream. It also provides nearly optimal partial pressure conditions for the H.sub.2 S to exit the solution as a free gas. Any H.sub.

Abstract: To select a designated bottle in a sampler, the distributor is calibrated as to position and the outlet of the distributor arm is moved over the desired bottle by counting changes in incremental angular movement of the distributor arm until it is over the bottle. The position of the distributor arm is recorded in memory. To calibrate the distributor, the arm is rotated against a stop member in a first direction, then in a second direction and the overrun of in excess of 360 degrees of the motion of the distributor arm is determined and corrected. A series of random numbers is generated for depositing of samples, the distributor is moved at designated times over the bottles in a random order to deposit a sample and the ordering of bottles is recorded. The rollers of a peristaltic pump are supported to prevent said rollers from compressing said tube more than the thickness of the walls of the tube. A functional module for a bubbler or pH probe or ultrasonic level detector may be connected to the housing.

Abstract: To determine the total organic carbon content of a flowing liquid in a continuous process, water and oxidizing agents enter lower ports in a multistage column and flow upwardly through residence chambers as they are mixed. Spaced apart along the upper path of the liquid, there are helical reaction grooves relatively shallow and containing at least one helical groove to cause rapid motion of the liquid. An ultraviolet lamp extends downwardly through the center of the column so that the outer confining surface of the helical grooves is the outer surface of the ultraviolet lamp, causing the liquid to move rapidly in intimate contact with the ultraviolet lamp to receive intense radiation. The stages are separate and interchangeable so that selected sizes may interconnect. The residence chambers may have different sizes to permit different lengths of residence time and thus permit tailoring of the reaction to the expected organic carbon content and possible side reactions with other impurities in the water.

Abstract: To draw samples from a source of liquid, a pumping system measures the amount of liquid being pumped by detecting pump cycles and calculating the pumped liquid from this measurement and stored data including conduit size, pressure head and statistical data to correlate detected pump cycles with volume of liquid pumped. Pressure pulses caused by a peristaltic pump are sensed by a piezoelectric film positioned on an inlet conduit connecting the pump to the source of water and, when the liquid reaches a predetermined point determined by the nature of the pulses, the pulses are counted to determine the number of pump cycles.

Abstract: To draw samples of liquid for later analysis, liquid is periodically pumped from the inlet port in coordination with initiating movement of a web of packaging material, folding the package material and sealing it to form a pouch. The liquid is pumped from the inlet port into the pouch and the pouch is sealed. The pumping means and the equipment for drawing the web are controlled so that the container corresponds in internal volume to the volume of liquid pumped into the container prior to sealing the container and identification is printed onto the web becomes part of the package for the liquid.

Abstract: To draw samples from a source of liquid, a pumping system measures the amount of liquid being pumped by detecting pump cycles and calculating the pumped liquid from this measurement and stored data including conduit size, pressure head and statistical data to correlate detected pump cycles with volume of liquid pumped. Pressure pulses caused by a peristaltic pump are sensed by a piezoelectric film positioned on an inlet conduit connecting the pump to the source of water and, when the liquid reaches a predetermined point determined by the nature of the pulses, the pulses are counted to determine the number of pump cycles.