Abstract: Certain embodiments disclosed herein are directed to devices configured to detect the level of a biomarker in a body fluid. In some examples, the device includes two or more electrodes for electrochemical detection of the biomarker in the body fluid. Methods of using the device are also disclosed.

Abstract: A device comprising an electrode constructed and arranged to electrochemically activate an electrochemically inactive analyte is disclosed. Methods and systems that implement the device are also provided.

Abstract: Serial electrochemical flow cells coupled in-line with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS) provides rapid electrochemical (EC) study of biologically relevant oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions. Compounds, introduced by flow injection, are subjected to rapid electrolysis and products were monitored by MS. Serial coulometric EC-MS allows high-throughput study of relative compound reactivity, resultant formation of “related substances” and determaination of metabolic and chemical “soft spots.” Serial coulometric EC-MS thus represents a mechanistic probe that can be consistently and reproducibly applied to large compound libraries to generate “modeling friendly” data for prediction and assessment of drug-like properties.

Abstract: In general, the invention features a method of marking a product for identification in which a marker, composed of an electroactive compound, is added to the product and subsequently measured using an electrochemical detector.