Abstract: A doped material comprises TiO2 and three non-metal dopants. The first non-metal dopant comprises sulfur, the second non-metal dopant comprises fluorine, and the third non-metal dopant comprises carbon. The sulfur dopant comprises a cationic dopant, the carbon dopant comprises a cationic dopant, and the fluorine dopant comprises an anionic dopant. The molar ratio of the TiO2 to the sulfur is approximately 99.75:0.25. The molar ratio of the TiO2 to the fluorine is approximately 99.1:0.9. The molar ratio of the TiO2 to the carbon is approximately 98.7:1.3. The material has a transparent, lateral growth crystalline atomic structure. The crystallite particle size is approximately 1 nm. The material is soluble to facilitate dissolving of the material in a solvent without requiring any dispersants to form a true solution.