Abstract: Even with proper access privilege, when a secured file is classified, at least security clearance (e.g. a clearance key) is needed to ensure those who have the right security clearance can ultimately access the contents in the classified secured file. According to one embodiment, referred to as a two-pronged access scheme, a security clearance key is generated and assigned in accordance with a user's security access level. A security clearance key may range from most classified to non-classified. Depending on implementation, a security clearance key with a security level may be so configured that the key can be used to access secured files classified at or lower than the security level or multiple auxiliary keys are provided when a corresponding security clearance key is being requested. The auxiliary keys are those keys generated to facilitate access to secured files classified respectively less than the corresponding security or confidentiality level.

Abstract: Techniques for providing pervasive security to digital assets are disclosed. According to one aspect of the techniques, a server is configured to provide access control (AC) management for a user (e.g., a single user, a group of users, software agents or devices) with a need to access secured data. Within the server module, various access rules for the secured data and/or access privileges for the user can be created, updated, and managed so that the user with the proper access privileges can access the secured documents if granted by the corresponding access rules in the secured data.

Abstract: Techniques for managing files in a designated location are disclosed. An example of the designated location is a folder, a directory, a repository, a device, or a storage place. A set of access rules is applied to a designated location such that all files in the designated location shall have substantially similar security. As a result, secured files can be easily created and managed with respect to the designated location and users with access privilege to the designated location can access most of the files, in not all, in the designated location.

Abstract: Techniques for securing electronic data and keeping the electronic data secured at all times are disclosed. According to one embodiment, a client module in a client machine is configured to provide access control to secured documents that may be located in a local store, another computer machine or somewhere over a data network. The client module includes a document-securing module configured to operate in a path through which a document being accessed is caused to pass so that the document can be examined or detected for the security nature. If the document is secured, the document-securing module obtains a user or group key to decrypt security information in the secured document for access rules therein. If a user accessing the document is determined to have the access privilege to the secured document, a file key is retrieved from the security information and a cipher module is activated to decrypt the encrypted data portion with the file key.

Abstract: An electronic system includes an input device and an electronic device, and a switching device connected between them. The switching device allows and disallows access of the input device to the electronic device in response to a security signal. The input device is connected to the electronic device when the switching device is activated. The input device is disconnected from the electronic device when the switching device is deactivated.

Abstract: In a system for providing access control management to electronic data, techniques to secure the electronic data and keep the electronic data secured at all times are disclosed. According to one embodiment, a secured file or secured document includes two parts: an attachment, referred to as a header, and an encrypted document or data portion. The header includes security information that points to or includes the access rules and a file key. The access rules facilitate restrictive access to the secured document and essentially determine who/when/how/where the secured document can be accessed. The file key is used to encrypt/decrypt the encrypted data portion. Only those who have the proper access privileges are permitted to retrieve the file key to encrypt/decrypt the encrypted data portion.

Abstract: In a system for providing access control management to electronic data, techniques to secure the electronic data and keep the electronic data secured at all times are disclosed. According to one embodiment, a secured file or secured document includes two parts: an attachment, referred to as a header, and an encrypted document or data portion. The header includes security information that points to or includes the access rules and a file key. The access rules facilitate restrictive access to the secured document and essentially determine who/when/how/where the secured document can be accessed. The file key is used to encrypt/decrypt the encrypted data portion. Only those who have the proper access privileges are permitted to retrieve the file key to encrypt/decrypt the encrypted data portion.

Abstract: Techniques for providing pervasive security to digital assets are disclosed. According to one aspect of the techniques, a server is configured to provide access control (AC) management for a user (e.g., a single user, a group of users, software agents or devices) with a need to access secured data. Within the server module, various access rules for the secured data and/or access privileges for the user can be created, updated and managed so that the user with the proper access privileges can access the secured documents if granted by the corresponding access rules in the secured data.

Abstract: Digital assets are in a secured form that only those with granted access rights can access. Even with the proper access privilege, when a secured file is classified, at least a security clearance key is needed to ensure those who have the right security clearance can ultimately access the contents in the classified secured file. According to one embodiment, a secured file or secured document includes two parts: a header, and an encrypted data portion. The header includes security information that points to or includes access rules, a protection key and a file key. The access rules facilitate restrictive access to the encrypted data portion and essentially determine who the secured document can be accessed. The file key is used to encrypt/decrypt the encrypted data portion and protected by the protection key.

Abstract: A finely-tuned, compressed antenna in a cube with one or more frequency bands and with high isolation between bands. The antenna is suitable for use in the front end of small, hand-held communications devices. The antenna includes one or more radiation elements, each element for operating in one or more of the bands. A radiation element is formed of a plurality of sections formed of electrically conducting segments where the segments are electrically connected to exchange energy in one or more of the bands of the radiation frequencies. One or more of the radiation elements has segments arrayed in a compressed pattern where the compressed pattern extends in three dimensions to fill a cube.

Abstract: A compressed antenna in a volume, with one or more of the compressed antennas suitable for use in the front ends of small communications devices. The compressed antennas operate for exchanging energy in one or more bands of radiation frequencies. The antennas include one or more radiation elements formed of conducting electrically connected so as to exchange energy in one or more of the bands of the radiation frequencies. One or more of the radiation elements has segments three-dimensionally arrayed and compressed in a volume.

Abstract: A compressed antenna in a volume suitable for use in the front ends of small communications devices. The compressed antenna operates for exchanging energy in one or more bands of radiation frequencies. The antenna includes one or more radiation elements formed of segments electrically connected so as to exchange energy in one or more of the bands of the radiation frequencies. The radiation element has segments three-dimensionally arrayed and compressed in a volume.

Abstract: A differential injector for fluid mixing having a primary fluid inlet, a throat section and a diverging discharge outlet. A secondary fluid is pulled into the discharge outlet, through annular recessed grooves, by suction action produced by the primary fluid of the venturi. A plurality of channels feed the secondary fluid into the recessed annular grooves. The channels may be connected to a secondary fluid injection port via an injection annulus.

Abstract: A differential injector for fluid mixing having a primary fluid inlet, a throat section and a diverging discharge outlet. A secondary fluid is pulled into the discharge outlet, through annular recessed grooves, by suction action produced by the primary fluid of the venturi. A plurality of channels feed the secondary fluid into the recessed annular grooves. The channels may be connected to a secondary fluid injection port via an injection annulus.

Abstract: Techniques for managing access to digital assets via a designated place or its sub-places are disclosed. The designated place may be a file folder, a directory, a local or remote store. The designated place is characterized by or associated with a securing module that causes all files stored in the designated place to have substantially similar security. In other words, a file to be secured can be simply dropped into the designated place and the securing module is configured to take actions to secure the file transparently in accordance with the security characteristics of the designated place. Likewise, a designated place can be set up to unsecure the secured files being deposited in the designated place, provided a user of the secured files is permitted to do so.

Abstract: A method for planarizing a layer of material on a semiconductor device is disclosed, which planarizes a layer on a semiconductor device using a high density plasma system, and uses a sacrificial layer having a desirable etch to deposition rate. Additionally, the method for planarizing a layer can be easily incorporated into the semiconductor fabrication process, and is capable of achieving both local and global planarization.

Abstract: Techniques for providing pervasive security to digital assets are disclosed. According to one aspect of the techniques, a server is configured to provide access control (AC) management for a user (e.g., a single user, a group of users, software agents or devices) with a need to access secured data. Within the server module, various access rules for the secured data and/or access privileges for the user can be created, updated and managed so that the user with the proper access privileges can access the secured documents if granted by the corresponding access rules in the secured data.

Abstract: A multi-band compressed loop antenna is formed of multiple, directly and/or indirectly connected, compressed loops for use in a communication device to exchange energy over multiple frequency bands of operation. Each loop is formed by multiple and numerous segments arrayed in multiple diverse directions which forms a compressed loop so that the area of the antenna is decreased by combining such compressed loops. The multiple loops provide for resonances in multiple discrete frequency bands of operation. The multiple loops are arrayed in different configurations that include nested (concentric) and non-nested (non-concentric) loops as well as closely located and separated loops on the same or different layers of single or multi-layer structures.

Abstract: A venturi driven differential injector for fluid mixing having a constricting primary fluid inlet, a throat section and a diverging discharge outlet. A secondary fluid is pulled into the forward portion of the discharge outlet, through at least two annular recessed grooves, by suction action produced by the primary fluid of the venturi. A plurality of channels feed the secondary fluid into the recessed annular grooves. The venturi ports are connected to a secondary fluid injection port via an injection annulus.