Abstract: The invention relates to a method for intensifying the reactions in metallurgical reaction vessels containing a molten bath to which the reacting agents are fed below and above the bath surface, the gases emerging from the metal bath being afterburned in the space above the smelt by oxidizing gases injected into said gas space and the resulting heat being transferred to the molten bath, whereby fractions of the smelt in the form of drops, splashes and large particles of the smelt move on ballistic trajectories within the gas space of said metallurgical reaction vessel, being ejected from the smelt like a fountain through the amount of gas introduced via underbath tuyeres.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for protecting the refractory lining of a metallurgical reaction vessel containing a smelt consisting of metal and slag, the reacting agents for the smelt being fed to the metal bath through introducing means disposed below and above the bath surface, and the gases escaping from the smelt being afterburned with oxidizing agents in the gas space, i.e. in the space above the still smelt, whereby gaseous reacting agents and/or gases acting inertly in the metal bath are fed to the smelt below the bath surface, and the total refractory lining surface in the gas space of the metallurgical reaction vessel is wetted by partial amounts of smelt in the form of drops, splashes, liquid portions rising or ejected eruptively and like a fountain and/or by wave or sloshing motion of the smelt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for sealing tuyeres and feed pipes installed in a refractory vessel lining. Seals known per se, in particular prestressable packings, are installed in the gap between the tuyere or feed pipe and the surrounding refractory material in order to avoid backflow of media.

Abstract: A method for increasing the durability of refractory linings in vessels having inclined areas or conical parts in their inside contour includes in fitting the refractory bricks obliquely following the inside contour of the vessel. The slant of the bricks is brought about step by step by several layers of machine-pressable turning bricks of known uniform density. This method makes it possible to obtain softer transitions from the horizontally laid bricks to the obliquely laid bricks.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for installing a converter bottom, using not only bottom bricks of commercial brick formats but also shaped and fitting bricks, the largest area on a bottom plate being lined with bottom bricks of commercial brick formats, leaving a space free. After the bottom has been inserted into the converter, shaped bricks are laid one beside the other in the free edge area adjacent to the converter walling, the sides of these bricks facing the converter walling being fitted to the curvature of the converter walling. These shaped bricks are of a size such that a free space exceeding one joint width remains between each shaped brick and the adjacent bottom brick. Fitting bricks true to dimensions are laid in these free spaces.

Abstract: A shaped refractory body having an elongated passage for the feeding of molten metal. At least one conduit is provided extending from the exterior of said body into communication with the passage for the introduction of a gas thereto. The conduit is reduced in diameter at least at its inner end adjacent the passage to the size of a capillary.

Abstract: Apparatus for batchwise feeding of powders or other particulate materials from a pressurized supply vessel with a sealable discharge orifice including a movable sealing-and-metering member and a seal against which it seals during periods of non-discharge.

Abstract: A method of casting steel at a lower overheated temperature during continuous casting, wherein the inner surface of a tundish is heated to a temperature which approximately corresponds to the temperature of the steel in a ladle, the tundish is filled with steel, and the steel is poured into at least one mold. According to the invention a discharge spout of the tundish which opens above the reference level of the metal bath, prior to casting and during heating of the tundish is brought into a position which occupies the lowest point of the inner surface of the tundish, the heating of the tundish is continued until adjusting an approximately stationary thermal gradient between the inner and the outer surfaces of the tundish, and prior to pouring of the steel into the mold the tundish is brought into its casting position.