Abstract: Perylene derivatives of the general formula I where X and Y are independently oxygen, —NR1 or —NR2; R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, C1–C18-alkyl, C5–C7-cycloalkyl, aryl or C1–C6-alkoxy; R3 to R10 are independently hydrogen, hydroxyl or aryl, although radicals conjointly attached to one carbon atom may also be ?O or ?CHR11, R11 is hydrogen or C1–C3-alkyl, with the proviso that said perylene derivative I contains from at least one to not more than three carbonyl groups per molecule.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing color pastes, in which a component comprising colorant particles is dispersed in a binder. In the method of the invention the dispersing operation is controlled by beaming excitational light of a defined wavelength range into a mixture of the component comprising colorant particles and the binder, detecting the light transmitted, reflected and/or scattered by the mixture and determining a sample spectrum, evaluating the sample spectrum and hence determining parameters of the color paste, and monitoring changes in the sample spectrum over time and terminating the dispersing operation when predetermined target parameters are attained.

Abstract: Perylene derivatives of the general formula I where X and Y are independently oxygen, —NR1 or —NR2; R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, C1-C18-alkyl, C5-C7-cycloalkyl, aryl or C1-C6-alkoxy; R3 to R10 are independently hydrogen, hydroxyl or aryl, although radicals conjointly attached to one carbon atom may also be ═O or ═CHR11, R11 is hydrogen or C1-C3-alkyl, with the proviso that said perylene derivative I contains from at least one to not more than three carbonyl groups per molecule.

Abstract: The invention relates to pyrazolone pigments of general formula (I), wherein the radicals R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently represent hydrogen, chlorine, methyl or ethyl, whereby at least one of the radicals R1-R4 is different from hydrogen. The inventive pigments are characterised by a CIELAB colour angle of 80-85°, a chroma of 58-62 and a luminosity ≧87 (measuring angle 45°, standard illuminant D65).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of dicyanobenzenes of the formula ##STR1## in which x denotes hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, nitro, amino, mono- or di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl)amino, phthalimido or a nitrogenous saturated 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic radical, which is attached to the phenyl ring via a nitrogen atomin which a xylene of the formula ##STR2## in which x has the meaning stated above,is oxidized at a temperature of from 400.degree. to 500.degree. C. with oxygen in the presence of ammonia and a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyl or halogen, comprises reacting a compound of the formula II ##STR2## with a compound of the formula III ##STR3## in the presence of sulfur or a sulfur donor at elevated temperature. The compounds prepared according to the invention are suitable, for example, as diazo components.

Abstract: Pigment formulations containing(a) at least one finely divided pigment,(b) at least one copolymer obtainable by free radical polymerization of(.alpha..sub.1) C.sub.8 -C.sub.40 -monoolefins or(.alpha..sub.2) C.sub.8 -C.sub.40 -alkyl vinyl ethers or(.alpha..sub.3) a mixture of C.sub.8 -C.sub.40 -alkyl vinyl ethers and up to 50 mol % of C.sub.8 -C.sub.40 -monoolefins with(.beta.) monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 -dicarboxylic acids or C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 -dicarboxylic anhydridesand having a molecular weight of from 500 to 20,000 g/mol, some or all of whose carboxyl or anhydride groups may be reacted with ammnonia, amines, alcohols, amino- or hydroxycarboxylic acids or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, and(c) if required, further assistants conventionally used in pigment formulationsare used for the preparation of pastes, printing inks and coatings.

Abstract: Pigment formulations contain a) a finely divided pigment, b) at least one colorant which has at least one external basic group, c) at least one acidic and/or neutral phosphoric ester and d) if required, further assistants conventionally used in such formulations. The formulations are used for pigmenting printing inks and lakes.The printing inks, pastes and lakes produced using the formulations have substantially better flow behavior than the inks and lakes obtained using prior art pigments.

Abstract: Leather is dyed with pigments in an aqueous liquor at from 20.degree. to 60.degree. C. in the presence of an alkoxylated amine of 20 or more carbon atoms.

Abstract: The use of a compound of the general formula I ##STR1## where D is a radical of one of the formulae II a-c ##STR2## and M.sup..sym. is Li.sup..sym., Na.sup..sym., K.sup..sym. or NH.sub.4.sup..sym., for coloring of thermoplastics.The colorations obtained are surprisingly fast.

Abstract: A process for converting a crude, coarsely crystalline perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide of the formula ##STR1## where A is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, an unsaturated 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic ring which contains one or two nitrogen atoms and may be fused to a benzene nucleus, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, or C.sub.2 -C.sub.3 -alkyl which is substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, phenyl or C-acylamino, to a pigmentary form, wherein the crude pigment, in aqueous suspension, is comminuted in a high-speed mill in the absence of a surfactant.The pigments obtained give pure shade colorations of high to extremely high hiding power, and have a high tinctorial strength in white reductions.

Abstract: High-hiding calcium color lakes, possessing great full-shade brilliance and improved lightfastness, of the general formula ##STR1## where D is a radical of the formula ##STR2## in which (1) a predominant proportion of primary particles has one or more dimensions greater than 0.3 .mu.m,(2) the length/width ratio of the predominant proportion of primary particles is not less than 2:1 and for which(3) the lightfastness of polyethylene containing 0.05% of colorant, and of plasticized PVC containing a 1:10 reduction of colorant, is rated at least 5 on a blue scale with ratings of from 1 to 8.The lakes are particularly suitable for coloring plastics.