Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for scrambling and descrambling an audio signal. An interference signal is generated and is intermittently, preferably pseudo-randomly, added to the program audio as a function of control information generated either by means of hardware alone or by means of software. The scrambled audio and the interference signal are preferably transmitted on two carriers, e.g., two standard subcarriers used in TV broadcasting, together with the control information. A decoder descrambles the audio by substracting the interference signal from the scrambled audio at the proper times as indicated by the control information. Preferably, the interference signal, comprising a series of noise bursts, is transmitted on the same carrier as the control information, time-multiplexed with the latter. Alternatively, the program audio itself, subjected to a time delay, is used as the interference signal, in which case the second carrier bears only the control information.

Abstract: A method of operating a monovalent alternative absorption heating plant an apparatus operated by this method in which above a predetermined ambient temperature, the system is operated in a heat pump mode and at lower temperatures, in a direct heating mode. The system uses a coolant (refrigerant) circulation path in which the coolant is driven out of a solvent enriched with the coolant, is liquefied, is vaporized by heat exchange with the environment and is absorbed by coolant-poor solvent. The system also has a heat carrier circulation in which the heat carrier is heated by heat exchange with the continuing coolant and thus takes up absorption heat. According to the invention, in the direct heating mode, the heat carrier bypasses the coolant condenser and absorber and is passed through a heat exchanger separate from the coolant condenser and is there heated directly by combustion heat in a heat generator or by heat exchange with the coolant-poor solvent.

Abstract: A process has been developed for controlling the catalytic co-oligmoerization of 1,3-dienes with Schiff's bases which comprises condensing a 1,3-diene of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, independently of one another, represent hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms with a Schiff base of the formula ##STR2## wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represents hydrogen alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or dimethylamino groups which, in addition, optionally contain functional groups of the group consisting of ethers esters, C.dbd.N double bonds and which can be closed to form a ring, in the presence of a nickel (O)-containing catalyst, and optionally in the presence of an X--H compound with a molar ratio of Ni: X H of from 1:0 to 1:10.

Abstract: Process of producing nickel alcoholates by reacting .pi.-allyl nickel compounds with carbonyl compounds. The nickel alcoholates so produced can be hydrolyzed to their corresponding alcohols and these alcohols can in part be dehydrated to their corresponding olefins. The nickel alcoholate products are useful for the production of their corresponding alcohols and these alcohols are useful for the production of their corresponding olefins.

Abstract: A series of mono, bi and tricarbocyclic compounds, most of which have olefinic unsaturation in the ring, which may or may not have substituents thereon. While the bi and tricyclic rings may be unsubstituted, these compounds which have olefinic unsaturation, particularly multiple olefinic unsaturation, are polymerizable and copolymerizable in known polymerization systems. They are particularly good crosslinking agents. These compounds are further useful in the sense that they can be cleaved oxidatively, to corresponding carboxylic acids, aldehydes and/or alcohols which have known utility in the plasticizer and detergent arts. The compounds which do not have olefinic unsaturation can also be oxidatively cleaved to produce oxygenated, e.g., acid, alcohol or aldehyde, compounds having known utility.

Abstract: A series of mono, bi and tricarbocyclic compounds, most of which have olefinic unsaturation in the ring, which may or may not have substituents thereon. While the bi and tricyclic rings may be unsubstituted, these compounds which have olefinic unsaturation, particularly multiple olefinic unsaturation, are polymerizable and copolymerizable in known polymerization systems. They are particularly good crosslinking agents. These compounds are further useful in the sense that they can be cleaved oxidatively, to corresponding carboxylic acids, aldehydes and/or alcohols which have known utility in the plasticizer and detergent arts. The compounds which do not have olefinic unsaturation can also be oxidatively cleaved to produce oxygenated, e.g., acid, alcohol or aldehyde, compounds having known utility.

Abstract: A series of mono, bi and tricarbocyclic compounds, most of which have olefinic unsaturation in the ring, which may or may not have substituents thereon. While the bi and tricyclic rings may be unsubstituted, these compounds which have olefinic unsaturation, particularly multiple olefinic unsaturation, are polymerizable and copolymerizable in known polymerization systems. They are particularly good crosslinking agents. These compounds are further useful in the sense that they can be cleaved oxidatively, to corresponding carboxylic acids, aldehydes and/or alcohols which have known utility in the plasticizer and detergent arts. The compounds which do not have olefinic unsaturation can also be oxidatively cleaved to produce oxygenated, e.g., acid, alcohol or aldehyde, compounds having known utility.

Abstract: A series of mono, bi and tricarbocyclic compounds, most of which have olefinic unsaturation in the ring, which may or may not have substituents thereon. While the bi and tricyclic rings may be unsubstituted, these compounds which have olefinic unsaturation, particularly multiple olefinic unsaturation, are polymerizable and copolymerizable in known polymerization systems. They are particularly good crosslinking agents. These compounds are further useful in the sense that they can be cleaved oxidatively, to corresponding carboxylic acids, aldehydes and/or alcohols which have known utility in the plasticizer and detergent arts. The compounds which do not have olefinic unsaturation can also be oxidatively cleaved to produce oxygenated, e.g., acid, alcohol or aldehyde, compounds having known utility.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel nickel alcoholates and alcohols thereof and to a process of preparing said novel nickel alcoholates and alcohols.

Abstract: A series of mono, bi and tricarbocyclic compounds, most of which have olefinic unsaturation in the ring, which may or may not have substituents thereon. While the bi and tricyclic rings may be unsubstituted, these compounds which have olefinic unsaturation, particularly multiple olefinic unsaturation, are polymerizable and copolymerizable in known polymerization systems. They are particularly good crosslinking agents. These compounds are further useful in the sense that they can be cleaved oxidatively, to corresponding carboxylic acids, aldehydes and/or alcohols which have known utility in the plasticizer and detergent arts. The compounds which do not have olefinic unsaturation can also be oxidatively cleaved to produce oxygenated, e.g., acid, alcohol or aldehyde, compounds having known utility.

Abstract: Cyclocooligomerization of at least one conjugated diene and an alkyl acrylate in the presence of a non-carbonyl containing, zero-valent nickel complex compound catalyst to form an olefinically unsaturated alicyclic ring compound having the non-hydrocarbon functional group pendent from the ring.

Abstract: A series of mono, bi and tricarbocyclic compounds, most of which have olefinic unsaturation in the ring, which may or may not have substituents thereon. While the bi and tricyclic rings may be unsubstituted, these compounds which have olefinic unsaturation, particularly multiple olefinic unsaturation, are polymerizable and copolymerizable in known polymerization systems. They are particularly good crosslinking agents. These compounds are further useful in the sense that they can be cleaved oxidatively, to corresponding carboxylic acids, aldehydes and/or alcohols which have known utility in the plasticizer and detergent arts. The compounds which do not have olefinic unsaturation can also be oxidatively cleaved to produce oxygenated, e.g., acid, alcohol or aldehyde, compounds having known utility.

Abstract: Cyclocooligomerization of at least one conjugated diene and an alkyl acrylate in the presence of a noncarbonyl containing, zero-valent nickel complex compound catalyst to form an olefinically unsaturated alicyclic ring compound having the non-hydrocarbon functional group pendent from the ring.

Abstract: Phenyl substituted unsaturated diols useful as complexing agents for nickel and starting materials for the production of polymers.