Abstract: A flexible microwave antenna having a “fish-scale” ground plane is provided. The approach represents a significant advance in the combined thickness and flexibility that can be achieved, especially when using relatively thick substrates which are important for optimum antenna performance. An increase in gain was observed when bent in a positive radius of curvature and further reduction of back radiation.

Abstract: A flexible microwave antenna having a “fish-scale” ground plane is provided. The approach represents a significant advance in the combined thickness and flexibility that can be achieved, especially when using relatively thick substrates which are important for optimum antenna performance. An increase in gain was observed when bent in a positive radius of curvature and further reduction of back radiation.

Abstract: A low profile antenna that provides high isolation to back-side radiation, is flexible to allow conformal mounting to a surface, and can be tuned over a wide frequency range is conceived. The design is suitable for applications that involve electromagnetic sensing for biomedical applications that require the antenna to be in contact with the material being monitored, providing the ability to adapt the frequency and input impedance via electronic control. It is also suitable for a range of communication applications that require low profile designs that mount conformably to structures such as helmet-mounted and vehicle-mounted configurations.

Abstract: According to certain embodiments, a temperature measurement system includes a radiometer coupled to an antenna and a signal processor. The radiometer is operable to generate two or more signals representing electro-magnetic radiation received at a corresponding two or more differing frequencies. The signal processor receives the two or more signals from the radiometer while the antenna is placed adjacent to a surface of a substrate, and compares the two or more signals with one another to determine a brightness temperature of the substrate at a depth of the substrate from the antenna.

Abstract: Disperse dyes of formula ##STR1## wherein R is nitro or cyano, R.sub.1 is halogen, R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, halogen, cyano or phenyl, R.sub.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, R.sub.4 is methyl or ethyl, R.sub.5 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and R6 is methyl or ethyl, with the proviso that R.sub.5 is not hydrogen if R is nitro, R.sub.1 is halogen and R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl.These dyes are particularly suitable for dyeing and printing textile materials consisting of polyester fibres.

Abstract: Disperse azo dyes of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl, halogen, NH--CO--R.sub.5 or O--SO.sub.2 --R.sub.6 ; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy which is substituted by halogen, cyano, phenyl, --Y--C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl or --Y-phenyl; R.sub.3 is unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl which is substituted by hydroxy, cyano, vinyl, phenyl, halogen, --X-phenyl or --X--C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, and --X--C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl may be substituted by halogen or cyano and --X-phenyl may be substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or halogen; R.sub.4 is hydrogen or, independently of R.sub.3, has the meaning of R.sub.3, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, together with the linking nitrogen atom, can also be a heterocyclic radical; R.sub.5 is unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl which is substituted by halogen, phenyl, cyano or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for dyeing or printing fiber material by the pigment dyeing or pigment printing process, which comprises applying to the fiber material, and subsequently fixing, a dyeing liquor or a print paste comprising at least one dye of the formulaD--(X).sub.n (1)in whichD is a radical of an insoluble organic dye of the phthalocyanine, perinone, indigoid, thioindigoid, dioxazine, diketopyrrolopyrrole, isoindolinone, perylene, quinacridone, metal complex, monoazo, disazo, trisazo or anthraquinone series, X is a hydrophilic polar radical, and n is 1, 2 or 3, and at least one pigment dye binder, and also, if desired, further auxiliaries.

Abstract: A dye mixture, which comprises as component (A) a dye of formula as component (B) a dye of formula ##STR1## and/or as component (C) a dye of formula ##STR2## wherein D, X and Y are as defined in the specification. These dyes are particularly suitable for dyeing polyester fiber textile material.

Abstract: Disperse dyes of formula wherein R is nitro or cyano, R.sub.1 is halogen, R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, halogen, cyano or phenyl, R.sub.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, R.sub.4 is methyl or ethyl, R.sub.5 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and R.sub.6 is methyl or ethyl, with the proviso that R.sub.5 is not hydrogen if R is nitro, R.sub.1 is halogen and R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl.These dyes are particularly suitable for dyeing and printing textile materials consisting of polyester fibres.

Abstract: Disperse dyes of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is chloro or bromo,R.sub.2 is methyl or ethyl, andR.sub.3 is methyl or ethyl.The dyes are particularly suitable for dyeing or printing polyester fiber textile material.

Abstract: Described are compounds of formula ##STR1## which are suitable as fibre-reactive dyes for dyeing and printing a very wide range of different fibre materials.

Abstract: Mixtures comprising a compound of the formula ##STR1## and a compound of the formula ##STR2## in which K is the radical of a coupling component, s is the same in the compounds of formulae (16a) and (16b) and is the number 1 or 2, R and R' are each hydrogen, sulfo, hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, halogen or cyano, A is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylene which is optionally substituted by halogen, hydroxyl, sulfato, carboxyl, cyano, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkanoyloxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl or carbamoyl or interrupted by a group --O-- or --NR"--, or is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylenephenylene which is unsubstituted or substituted in the phenyl part by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, halogen or sulfo, and R" is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, and the ratio of the compounds of formulae (16a) and (16b) is about 1:1, are suitable as fibre-reactive dyes for dyeing or printing widely varying fibre materials.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which the variables are as defined in the claims and which are suitable diazo components for the synthesis of fibre-reactive dyes are described.

Abstract: Reactive dyes of the formula ##STR1## where A, K and Z are each as defined in the claims, are especially useful for dyeing or printing cellulosic fiber materials, producing dyeings and prints having good fastness properties in a high yield.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## where the variables are each as defined in the claims. The compounds are suitable for use as dyes, in particular for dyeing and printing cellulose-containing fibre materials and produce dyeings and prints having good allround fastness properties.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which the variables are as defined in the claims, which are suitable as fibre-reactive dyes for dyeing or printing widely varying fibre materials, are described.

Abstract: Reactive dyes of the formula ##STR1## in which D, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined in claim 1, are particularly suitable for dyeing or printing cellulosic fiber materials or naturally occurring or synthetic polyamide fiber materials with a high tinctorial yield, and produce dyeings and prints having good fastness properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to reactive dye mixtures comprising the reactive dyes of the formulae ##STR1## in which X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are reactive radicals bonded via a diaminoalkylene bridge and the other substituents are as defined in claim 1.The reactive dye mixtures are suitable for dyeing and printing cellulosic fibre materials and give wet- and light-fast dyeings in luminous blue shades.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the preparation of compounds of formula ##STR1## wherein the symbols are as defined in claim 1, which process comprises dissolving a compound of formula ##STR2## in sulfuric acid, adding this solution to oleum and reacting the mixture in the temperature range from 10.degree. to 80.degree. C. until a sulfo group has been completely introduced, and, in an optional further step, subjecting the reaction mixture to further reaction in the temperature range from 100.degree. to 200.degree. C. to introduce a second sulfo group.The compounds of formula (1) obtainable by this process are useful intermediates for the synthesis of dyes and are particularly suitable diazo components for the synthesis of azo dyes.