Abstract: A shoulder for use in retaining a railway rail fastening clip, comprising two interconnected spaced-apart walls, between which a portion of the clip to be retained is held when the shoulder is in use, and clip-engaging means, supported by the walls, for engaging a portion of the clip to be retained, does not have any feature or surface which engages the surface of that clip portion which faces downwardly when the clip is in use. Alternatively, or in addition, none of the contact regions, at which the device engages the rail clip, can be seen when the anchoring device is viewed from above when in its operative orientation and all of the contact regions can be seen when the anchoring device is viewed from below when in the operative orientation. Alternatively, or in addition, all the contact regions lie substantially at the same horizontal distance from the edge of the rail foot when measured perpendicularly to the axis of the rail and in the plane of the rail foot.

Abstract: A substantially M-shaped rail clip is substantially flat when in its non-operative configuration, and, when the clip is in an operative configuration, the toe of the clip lies substantially in a second plane and the legs of the clip lie substantially in a third plane, the second and third planes being non-parallel to one another.

Abstract: A rail pad is disclosed having two upstanding portions, integrally formed with the rail seat portion along opposite edges thereof, so as to extend along only a central part of the edge. Preferably, the upstanding portions are attached to the rail seat portion in such a manner as to be readily detachable therefrom.

Abstract: A shoulder for use in retaining a railway rail fastening clip, comprising two interconnected spaced-apart walls, between which a portion of the clip to be retained is held when the shoulder is in use, and clip-engaging means, supported by the walls, for engaging a portion of the clip to be retained, does not have any feature or surface which engages the surface of that clip portion which faces downwardly when the clip is in use. Alternatively, or in addition, none of the contact regions, at which the device engages the rail clip, can be seen when the anchoring device is viewed from above when in its operative orientation and all of the contact regions can be seen when the anchoring device is viewed from below when in the operative orientation. Alternatively, or in addition, all the contact regions lie substantially at the same horizontal distance from the edge of the rail foot when measured perpendicularly to the axis of the rail and in the plane of the rail foot.

Abstract: A substantially M-shaped rail clip is disclosed in which the clip is substantially flat when in its non-operative configuration, and, when the clip is in an operative configuration, the toe of the clip lies substantially in a second plane and the legs of the clip lie substantially in a third plane, the second and third planes being non-parallel to one another.

Abstract: There is provided a syringe comprising a barrel having inner walls defining a compartment in the barrel, a closable nozzle at the base of the barrel and a plunger movable longitudinally within the barrel compartment. The plunger has inner walls defining a chamber suitable to receive a vial. A hollow needle extends through the plunger to enable fluid communication between the plunger chamber and barrel compartment. A compressible and puncturable sealing element within the plunger chamber provides a sterile seal for the needle and barrel compartment.