Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a kit for determining the risk or rate of an individual of developing diabetes related cardiovascular complications in a subject suffering from either type 1 diabetes mellitus or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The method and the kit comprises: determining the levels of two or more biomarkers purified from a biological sample; wherein said biomarkers are selected from the group comprising lysine advanced glycation end products, arginine advanced glycation end products, and oxidation products; and comparing the determined biomarker levels to standard values, wherein the level of said biomarkers indicate the risk or rate of developing diabetes related cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a kit for determining the risk or rate of an individual of developing diabetes related cardiovascular complications in a subject suffering from either type 1 diabetes mellitus or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The method and the kit comprises: determining the levels of two or more biomarkers purified from a biological sample; wherein said biomarkers are selected from the group comprising lysine advanced glycation end products, arginine advanced glycation end products, and oxidation products; and comparing the determined biomarker levels to standard values, wherein the level of said biomarkers indicate the risk or rate of developing diabetes related cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for determining in a subject suffering from either type 1 diabetes mellitus or type 2 diabetes mellitus the risk of developing, and/or the rate of progression of certain diabetes associated complications (e.g., diabetic nephropathy and other associated disorders) resulting from angiopathic changes in the subject such as microvascular and/or macrovascular damage. The present invention also provides methods for handling, storing, and preserving, biological samples (e.g., blood, plasma, urine) from a subject having either Type 2 or Type 1 diabetes. Further provided are methods for analyzing biological samples from a subject to determine the quantities of one or more biomarkers of interest in comparison to results obtained from previous samples from the subject and/or to results obtained from aggregated samples, or to standards.

Abstract: A method for determining the levels of biomarkers, specifically, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and oxidation products (Ops) in a biological sample such as a plasma ultrafiltrate, is used to determine a patient's risk and/or rate of developing diabetes related nephropathy. The preferred biomarkers to measure include N?-(1-carboxyethyl-lysine (CEL), methylglyoxyl-derived hydroimidazolone (MGHI) and N?-carboxymethyllysine (CML). Also provided herein is a method of diabetic care which includes determining a diabetic patient's risk of developing diabetes related kidney disease and adjusting the patient's treatment regimen to include in addition to glucose lowering agents, additional treatments such as medications that modify the renin-angiotensin system, or specialized diets with low levels of AGEs or oxidative products.

Abstract: A method for determining the levels of biomarkers, specifically, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and oxidation products (Ops) in a biological sample such as a plasma ultrafiltrate, is used to determine a patient's risk and/or rate of developing diabetes related nephropathy. The preferred biomarkers to measure include N?-(1-carboxyethyl-lysine (CEL), methylglyoxyl-derived hydroimidazolone (MGHI) and N?-carboxymethyllysine (CML). Also provided herein is a method of diabetic care which includes determining a diabetic patient's risk of developing diabetes related kidney disease and adjusting the patient's treatment regimen to include in addition to glucose lowering agents, additional treatments such as medications that modify the renin-angiotensin system, or specialized diets with low levels of AGEs or oxidative products.

Abstract: A method for determining the levels of biomarkers, specifically, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and oxidation products (Ops) in a biological sample such as a plasma ultrafiltrate, is used to determine a patient's risk and/or rate of developing diabetes related nephropathy. The preferred biomarkers to measure include N?-(1-carboxyethyl-lysine (CEL), methylglyoxyl-derived hydroimidazolone (MGHI) and N?-carboxymethyllysine (CML). Also provided herein is a method of diabetic care which includes determining a diabetic patient's risk of developing diabetes related kidney disease and adjusting the patient's treatment regimen to include in addition to glucose lowering agents, additional treatments such as medications that modify the renin-angiotensin system, or specialized diets with low levels of AGEs or oxidative products.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of lowering plasma levels of &agr;-dicarbonyl precursors of advanced glycation end-products, such as methylglyoxal, in a patient having type 2 diabetes by administrating metformin in a dosage from twenty-five to fifty percent in excess of its antidiabetic therapeutic regimen. The high dosage of metformin acts to reduce plasma levels of &agr;-dicarbonyl compounds by a mechanism distinct from that whereby it exerts its antidiabetic activity.

Abstract: A method of lowering plasma levels of &agr;-dicarbonyl precursors of advanced alycation end products such as methylglyoxal in a patient having type 2 diabetes by administrating metformin in a dosage at least twenty five percent in excess of its antidiabetic therapeutic regimen for the patient is provided. The high dosage of metformin acts to reduce plasma levels of &agr;-dicarbonyl compounds by a mechanism distinct from that whereby it exerts its antidiabetic activity.