Abstract: The process of this invention is directed to the removal of metals from an unsupported spent catalyst. The catalyst is subjected to leaching reactions. Vanadium is removed as a precipitate, while a solution comprising molybdenum and nickel is subjected to further extraction steps for the removal of these metals. Molybdenum may alternately be removed through precipitation.

Abstract: The process of this invention is directed to the removal of metals from an unsupported spent catalyst. The catalyst is subjected to leaching reactions. Vanadium is removed as a precipitate, while a solution comprising molybdenum and nickel is subjected to further extraction steps for the removal of these metals. Molybdenum may alternately be removed through precipitation.

Abstract: The process of this invention is directed to the removal of metals from an unsupported spent catalyst. The catalyst is subjected to leaching reactions. Vanadium is removed as a precipitate, while a solution comprising molybdenum and nickel is subjected to further extraction steps for the removal of these metals. Molybdenum may alternately be removed through precipitation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a zeolite Y catalyst having a controlled macropore structure. The present invention is also directed to a zeolite Y catalyst composite and a process for preparing the catalyst composite. The catalyst composite exhibits reduced deactivation rates during the alkylation process, thereby increasing the life of the catalyst. The present invention is also directed to processes for the preparation of carbonated, overbased aromatic sulfonates, which processes comprise alkylation, carbonation of aromatic hydrocarbons with one or more olefins.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a zeolite Y catalyst having a controlled macropore structure. The present invention is also directed to a zeolite Y catalyst composite and a process for preparing the catalyst composite. The catalyst composite exhibits reduced deactivation rates during the alkylation process, thereby increasing the life of the catalyst. The present invention is also directed to processes for the preparation of carbonated, overbased aromatic sulfonates, which processes comprise alkylation, carbonation of aromatic hydrocarbons with one or more olefins.

Abstract: The present invention is a process to recover metals from refractory ores. It involves the chlorination of an ore concentrate in the presence of solid salt at a temperature between 300.degree. and 650.degree. C. Thereafter, an oxidation step can be used to convert iron chloride to iron oxide. Subsequent separation steps remove the salt, gangue, and iron oxides. Separate pathways are described for precious and base metal recovery.

Abstract: A process is disclosed to extract cobalt and optionally, at least one metal value selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, and vanadium from metal-containing particles, such as spent hydroprocessing catalysts particles containing carbon residue. In this process, the spent catalyst particles are roasted in an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature of from 400.degree. C. to 600.degree. C., and then the roasted catalyst particles are contacted with an aqueous solution of ammonia, ammonium salt, and hydrogen peroxide. The aqueous solution has an initial pH of at least 9.5 and an initial hydrogen peroxide concentration of from 0.02 to 0.2 M. That aqueous solution is maintained at a pH of greater than 9.5.

Abstract: A process is disclosed to extract metal values selected from the group consisting of cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, and vanadium from metal-containing particles, such as spent hydroprocessing catalyst particles containing carbon residue. In this process, the spent catalyst particles are roasted in an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature of from 400.degree. C. to 600.degree. C., and then the roasted catalyst particles are contacted with an aqueous solution of ammonia, ammonium salt, and hydrogen peroxide. That aqueous solution has an initial pH of at least 9.5 and an initial hydrogen peroxide concentration of from 0.02 to 0.2 M. That aqueous solution is maintained at a pH of greater than 9.5.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing selenium from wastewater effluent. The processd includes the steps of;(i) contacting a selenide containing wastewater and a strong-base anion exchange resin to absorb selenide on the resin;(ii) eluting the ion exchange resin with an eluant which is effective for stripping selenide therefrom; and(iii) recovering elemental selenium from the selenide containing eluate resulting from step (ii). Also disclosed is a process for regenerating the ion exchange resin by treatment of the resin with an acidic chlorate solution.

Abstract: A process for enhancing recovery of metals, especially cobalt, from spent hydroprocessing catalysts when the spent catalyst particles are first roasted at between 400.degree. C. and 600.degree. C. and then contacted with a first aqueous solution of ammonia and an ammonium salt to recover nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium. The once-leached spent hydroprocessing catalysts are again leached by contacting them with a second aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate at a pH of 1 to 4.

Abstract: A method of recovering vanadium from an aqueous ammonium bicarbonate solvent strip solution is disclosed. The method includes adding sulfuric acid to the aqueous ammonium bicarbonate solution followed by addition of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide to precipitate out the vanadium.

Abstract: A method of recovering vanadium from an aqueous ammonium bicarbonate solvent strip solution is disclosed. The method includes heating the aqueous ammonium bicarbonate solution at a temperature of from 70.degree. C. to 100.degree. C., followed by addition of sulfuric acid to control the pH in the range of from 6.5 to 8.5 and addition of ammonium sulfate to precipitate out the vanadium.

Abstract: Particulate alumina-base catalysts are treated to recycle the alumina by a two-step process: the first step involving conversion of the alumina to aluminum sulfate by reaction with gaseous sulfur trioxide, and the second step involving conversion of the aluminum sulfate to an aluminum hydroxide compound by reaction with an aqueous hydroxide. Both reactions are topochemical, and the aluminum hydroxide compound is prepared in particulate form.

Abstract: A stream containing chromium and other heavy metals is fed through an electrolytic cell having a flow-through anode of lead shot and a flow-through cathode. The stream passes through the lead shot, resulting in the formation of lead chromate at the anode that falls to a trap in the bottom of the cell. Heavy metals such as copper are plated out on the material forming the flow-through cathode.

Abstract: A stream containing chromium and other heavy metals is fed through an electrolytic cell having a flow-through anode of lead shot and a flow-through cathode. The stream passes through the lead shot, resulting in the formation of lead chromate at the anode that falls to a trap in the bottom of the cell. Heavy metals such as copper are plated out on the material forming the flow-through cathode.