Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure teach decreasing, in a time-averaged regime, the amount of RF energy emitted by a communications device. Generally speaking, the network tells the communications device what power level it should transmit at. If, however, the device determines that it would exceed an emission standard by transmitting at the specified power level for as long as it needs to in order to carry out its transmission duties, then the device can instead decide to transmit at a lower power level. Alternatively (or in combination), the device can, instead of transmitting all the time while it has data to send, only transmit intermittently. In either case, the emitted electromagnetic energy, as averaged over a period of time, is reduced below the maximum allowed by the standard. Later, if possible and necessary, the device can again transmit at a higher power level or more frequently.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure teach decreasing, in a time-averaged regime, the amount of RF energy emitted by a communications device. Generally speaking, the network tells the communications device what power level it should transmit at. If, however, the device determines that it would exceed an emission standard by transmitting at the specified power level for as long as it needs to in order to carry out its transmission duties, then the device can instead decide to transmit at a lower power level. Alternatively (or in combination), the device can, instead of transmitting all the time while it has data to send, only transmit intermittently. In either case, the emitted electromagnetic energy, as averaged over a period of time, is reduced below the maximum allowed by the standard. Later, if possible and necessary, the device can again transmit at a higher power level or more frequently.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure teach decreasing, in a time-averaged regime, the amount of RF energy emitted by a communications device. Generally speaking, the network tells the communications device what power level it should transmit at. If, however, the device determines that it would exceed an emission standard by transmitting at the specified power level for as long as it needs to in order to carry out its transmission duties, then the device can instead decide to transmit at a lower power level. Alternatively (or in combination), the device can, instead of transmitting all the time while it has data to send, only transmit intermittently. In either case, the emitted electromagnetic energy, as averaged over a period of time, is reduced below the maximum allowed by the standard. Later, if possible and necessary, the device can again transmit at a higher power level or more frequently.

Abstract: Model human hands (902) for use in electromagnetic (e.g., microwave and RF) testing comprise a skeleton (1200, 104) of dielectric tubes (142, 148, 166, 170, 174, 178, 206, 208, 210, 1202, 1212, 1214, 1216, 1228, 1230, 1236, 1240, 1242, 194, 195, 196) inside a glove (908) that is filled with a fluid that has electrical properties that match that of a typical human hand at a particular frequency. According to certain embodiments the model hands comprise thumbs (193, 1236) that are located out of a plane of palms of the model hands. According to one embodiment the dielectric tubes are pivotally coupled to each other and biasing means (181,702) are provided to bias the hand into a gripping position so that the model human hand is able to grip different types of wireless communication devices (802) in different ways.

Abstract: A model hand (120, 700) for use in electromagnetic testing comprising a body (210, 710) and at least one digit (220, 780) extending from a side of the body. For one embodiment, the body (210) has an outer semi-cylinder surface (230) with an arcuate shape and an inner semi-cylinder surface (240) following the arcuate shape of the outer semi-cylinder surface. A digit (220) is coupled at a base end (260) coupled to the side (250) of the cylindrical body (210) to permit pivotal motion of the digit relative to the cylindrical body. For another embodiment, the body (710) has a palm-like shape with four static digits (740-770) affixed at one end to the palm-shaped body. In addition to the four static digits (740-770), a dynamic digit (780) extends from the body (710) and couples to the body to permit pivotal motion of the digit relative to the body.

Abstract: A radio frequency anechoic test chamber (100) includes a test stand (118) that includes a relatively small diameter, mechanically robust, telescoping lower vertical support column (202), a large diameter thin walled middle vertical support column (204) that includes a sheet or coating of absorbing material (224) disposed proximate the circumference of the thin walled middle support column, (204) and an upper support member (206). The radio frequency anechoic test chamber provides improved ripple performance that allows more accurate measurements of the gain pattern of radio frequency equipment.

Abstract: A flexible test cable has a center conductor (210), a conductive sleeve (240) with an effective electrical length equal to an odd quarter wavelength of a frequency of interest, a dielectric spacer (230) located inside the conductive sleeve (240) for preventing a portion of the center conductor from electrically coupling to the conductive sleeve, and a dielectric joint (220) for maintaining a portion of the center conductor in the middle of an end of the conductive sleeve (240). The conductive sleeve (240) can have a variety of cross-sectional shapes. The dielectric spacer (230) can be formed in a variety of shapes from rigid or compressible dielectric materials. Likewise, the dielectric joint (220) can be formed in a variety of shapes from rigid or compressible dielectric materials. Using the dielectric joint (220) to link together multiple conductive sleeves (240) results in a flexible test cable (200) with electrical transparency at the frequency of interest.

Abstract: An antenna assembly, and associated method, for a radio, such as a portable radiotelephone, which is of minimal physical dimensions and which is operable over a wide range of frequencies. A length of wire is helically-shaped and includes at least a portion of a winding. A capacitive top-hat is positioned at an end portion of the wire. By increasing the number of windings of the wire, the height of the antenna assembly is reduced, but such reduction also reduces the size of the bandwidth of frequencies over which the antenna assembly is operable. Increase in the size of the surface area of the capacitive top-hat increases the size of the bandwidth over which the antenna assembly is operable. Selection of the top-hat size and the number of windings permits beth physical dimensions of the antenna assembly and the size of the bandwidth to be selected.

Abstract: A nondirectional antenna assembly, and associated method, for a radio operative at high frequencies, such as at frequencies of approximately 1.8 Gigahertz. A first antenna portion, formed of a one-half wavelength, helical winding is supported at a distal side of a nonconductive whip. A second antenna portion, comprised of a helical winding supported at a proximal side of the nonconductive whip, and a one-quarter wave helical winding, connected to radio circuitry of the radio transceiver, couples the first antenna portion to the radio circuitry. Because the first antenna portion is positioned at a distal side of the nonconductive whip, shadowing occurring as a result of positioning the radio transceiver proximate to a user during operation thereof is less likely to interfere with operation of the radio transceiver.

Abstract: A radio receiver, and associated method therefor, for generating a baseband signal having signal component portions of time-varying frequencies. The oscillating signal generated by at least one of the local oscillators of down-mixing circuitry of the receiver is modulated by a low-frequency signal thereby to cause the resultant, baseband signal to be comprised of signal component portions of time-varying frequencies. Because the signal component portions of the baseband signal are of time-varying frequencies, attenuation of such signal component portions and resultant distortion of the received signal, as a result of undesirable notches in the frequency response of a radio receiver is avoided.

Abstract: An assembly, and associated method for constructing such, for connecting an electrical circuit to an electrical cable, such as an antenna connector pin, or, alternately, to a coaxial transmission line. An antenna circuit board includes a circular aperture extending therethrough for receiving a socket member to be supported thereat. Angled, segmental-slots are formed about the circular aperture and receive projecting prong-members of a clip member. The socket member receives the electrical cable, such as the antenna connector pin, or a coaxial conductor pin therein. The clip member engages with a coaxial tube of the coaxial transmission line. The assembly permits alternate connection thereto of either the electrical cable or the coaxial transmission line thereat.

Abstract: An assembly, and associated method for constructing such, for connecting an electrical circuit to an electrical cable, such as an antenna connector pin, or, alternately, to a coaxial transmission line. An antenna circuit board includes a circular aperture extending therethrough for receiving a socket member to be supported thereat. Angled, segmental-slots are formed about the circular aperture and receive projecting prong-members of a clip member. The socket member receives the electrical cable, such as the antenna connector pin, or a coaxial conductor pin therein. The clip member engages with a coaxial tube of the coaxial transmission line. The assembly permits alternate connection thereto of either the electrical cable or the coaxial transmission line thereat.

Abstract: A unique cellular telephone (100) digitally frequency locks to the received base station transmitter signal. The cellular telephone (100) includes a radio transceiver (106), a reference oscillator (104), and microcomputer (102) with memory therein for controlling the operation thereof. The radio transceiver (106) includes a phase-locked loop (PLL) synthesizer 120, a receiver mixer (122) followed by one or more gain stages (124), a phase detector (126), and a divider (128). The PLL synthesizer (120) generates a signal locked to the reference oscillator (104) that is mixed with the incoming base station transmitter signal in the receive mixer (122) to generate an intermediate frequency signal. The output of the reference oscillator (104) also feeds the divider (128), which divides the reference oscillator signal by an amount so as to generate the divided signal having a frequency substantially the same as the frequency of the intermediate frequency signal from the mixer (122).