Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting radiation damage in an area of brain tissues, where the area of brain tissues has at least a first region containing brain tissues damaged from radiation exposure and a second region containing no brain tissues damaged from radiation exposure. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of illuminating in vivo the area of brain tissues with a coherent light at an incident wavelength, &lgr;0, between 330 nm and 360 nm, collecting electromagnetic emission returned from the illuminated brain tissues, and identifying a first peak of intensity of the collected electromagnetic emission at a first wavelength, &lgr;1, and a second peak of intensity of the collected electromagnetic emission at a second wavelength, &lgr;2, wherein &lgr;0, &lgr;1, and &lgr;2 satisfy the following relationship of &lgr;1>&lgr;2>&lgr;0.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for applying surgical clips which includes provisions for applying a partially closed clip to ducts or shunts during a surgical procedure. The apparatus includes a ratchet mechanism for permitting incremental closure of a pair of jaw members. A slide member is associated with the ratchet mechanism to prevent a movable handle from opening during a closing stroke until the closing stroke is completed.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for applying surgical clips which includes provisions for applying a partially closed clip to ducts or shunts during a surgical procedure such as cholecystectomy procedures. The apparatus includes means for effecting a partial closing stroke of the handle mechanism to correspond to a partial closure of the jaw members, and permits a partial opening stroke to release the partially closed clip in the jaw mechanism. Other features of the invention include means for preventing over advancement of a clip to the jaw mechanism, means for cradling the clip as it is advanced from the clip supply to the jaw mechanism, means for preventing splaying of the jaws in the event of a clip-over-clip application, and a novel rotation collar. The instrument of the present invention provides the surgeon with visual, audible, and tactile indication of the positioning of the jaw members to effect the application of a partially closed clip.

Abstract: A hemostatic clip for application to body tissue is disclosed which includes opposed leg portions connected by a bail portion with each leg portion having a tissue contacting surface defined thereon. A pair of projections and a pair of recessed areas are defined on each tissue contacting surface and are disposed in an alternating arrangement such that the movement inhibiting structures on one leg portion are in juxtaposed alignment with those on the opposed leg portion.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for applying surgical clips which includes provisions for applying a partially closed clip to ducts or shunts during a surgical procedure such as cholecystectomy procedures. The apparatus includes means for effecting a partial closing stroke of the handle mechanism to correspond to a partial closure of the jaw members, and permits a partial opening stroke to release the partially closed clip in the jaw mechanism. Other features of the invention include means for preventing over advancement of a clip to the jaw mechanism, means for cradling the clip as it is advanced from the clip supply to the jaw mechanism, means for preventing splaying of the jaws in the event of a clip-over-clip application, and a novel rotation collar. The instrument of the present invention provides the surgeon with visual, audible, and tactile indication of the positioning of the jaw members to effect the application of a partially closed clip.

Abstract: A hemostatic clip for application to body tissue is disclosed which includes opposed leg portions connected by a bail portion with each leg portion having a tissue contacting surface defined thereon. A pair of projections and a pair of recessed areas are defined on each tissue contacting surface and are disposed in an alternating arrangement such that the movement inhibiting structures on one leg portion are in juxtaposed alignment with those on the opposed leg portion.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for individually applying surgical clips endoscopically to body tissue which includes a frame, an elongated endoscopic section having clip closing jaws positioned at a distal end thereof and surgical clips slidably positioned therein, rotatably connected to a distal end of the frame such that the endoscopic section extends distally therefrom. The apparatus includes a system for individually advancing the surgical clips into the clip closing jaws and a system for closing the clip closing jaws. An interference mechanism is associated with the a release mechanism, and is configured, dimensioned and adapted to prevent actuation of the jaw closing system until a surgical clip is positioned between the clip closing jaws.

Abstract: The present invention relates to surgical instruments having a housing or elongated cartridge, a frame and an apparatus for releasably connecting the housing to the frame. Typically, the housing has active elements which perform a particular function during a surgical procedure, such as forceps, graspers, clip appliers or staplers. The frame includes an actuating system for actuating the active elements, such as a pivotal handle or a release lever.

Abstract: The invention concerns the novel amine 1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine of the formula: ##STR1## and its pharmaceutically acceptable acid-addition salts, which have useful properties in inhibiting the aggregation of blood platelets, and are of application in the treatment or propyhylaxis of thrombosis or occlusive vascular disease. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions of, and analogy processes for the manufacture of the amine of formula I, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention concerns the novel amine 1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine of the formula: ##STR1## and its pharmaceutically acceptable acid-addition salts, which have useful properties in inhibiting the aggregation of blood platelets, and are of application in the treatment or prophylaxis of thrombosis or occlusive vascular disease. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions of, and analogy processes for the manufacture of the amine of formula I, or a salt thereof.