Abstract: An electroplating system has a vessel assembly holding an electrolyte. A weir thief electrode assembly in the vessel assembly includes a plenum inside of a weir frame. The plenum divided into at least a first, a second and a third virtual thief electrode segment. A plurality of spaced apart openings through the weir frame lead out of the plenum. A weir ring is attached to the weir frame and guides flow of current during electroplating. The electroplating system provides process determined radial and circumferential current density control and does not require changing hardware components during set up.

Abstract: A non-contact system and method for measuring torsional wave propagation along a rotating shaft as well as static angular deflection due to a constant applied torque. The relative twist angle between two cross-sectional portions of the rotating shaft separated by a predetermined distance is detected over time and then the axial variation of torque along the rotating shaft is determined as a function of relative twist angle. Detection is carried out electro-optically using a pair of photodetectors and bands of reflective marks adhered on the circumferential surfaces of the two cross-sectional portions. Axial variation of torque is determined by determining variations in the phase difference between pulse trains output by the photodetectors.

Abstract: A mold flux powder composition and method for employing the same in the continuous casting of metals, particularly the continuous casting of stainless steel using a submerged-nozzle casting practice. The mold powder composition is, in percent by weight, 30 to 60 fly ash, preferably 40 to 55 fly ash, 10 to 30 calcium fluoride, preferably 10 to 25 calcium fluoride, up to 15 sodium carbonate, up to 15 calcium carbonate, up to 10 cryolite, up to 10 sodium borate, 2 to 8 graphite, 4 to 12 manganese oxide, preferably 5 to 10 manganese oxide, up to 15 powdered glass, and up to 5 iron oxide.