Abstract: A garment includes: a plurality of distinct regions, each region corresponding to a body part or type of body part of a wearer when worn; and a plurality of visual indicia, each of the visual indicia having at least one unique visual characteristic. Each of the plurality of visual indicia is located at a corresponding one of the plurality of distinct regions. At least one secondary visual characteristic of each of the indicia is associated with the corresponding distinct region.

Abstract: A garment includes: a plurality of distinct regions, each region corresponding to a body part or type of body part of a wearer when worn; and a plurality of visual indicia, each of the visual indicia having at least one unique visual characteristic. Each of the plurality of visual indicia is located at a corresponding one of the plurality of distinct regions. At least one secondary visual characteristic of each of the indicia is associated with the corresponding distinct region.

Abstract: A method of controlling a vehicle includes determining if a diesel emission fluid is at least partially frozen, and determining if the vehicle is currently operating in a low diesel emission fluid inducement protocol. If the vehicle is not currently operating in the low diesel emission fluid inducement protocol, and the diesel emission fluid is at least partially frozen, then a temporary minimum diesel emission fluid mass may be defined to prevent entry of the vehicle into the low diesel emission fluid inducement protocol.

Abstract: A control method for an exhaust treatment system is provided. The method includes: selectively determining a fluid state from a plurality of fluid states based on a temperature of a fluid supply source; estimating an average consumption rate based on the fluid state; and evaluating a fluid supply within the fluid supply source based on the average consumption rate.

Abstract: A method for controlling regeneration within an after-treatment component of a compression-ignition engine comprises calculating an initial estimate of accumulated particulate matter based on a pressure-based soot accumulation model and a pressure drop index indicative of a decrease in pressure across the component. An adjusted estimate of accumulated particulate matter in the component is calculated based on the initial estimate and a soot prediction error inherent in the soot model. The adjusted estimate is compared to a predetermined threshold associated with the after-treatment component, and a remedial action is initiated when the adjusted estimate of accumulated particulate matter in the after-treatment component exceeds the predetermined threshold. The pressure-based soot accumulation model may be configured to predict soot accumulation in the absence of passive regeneration, and an adjusted kinetic burn model may be used to estimate a quantity of soot disposed through passive regeneration.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a discrete substrate element from an ammonia-selective catalyst reduction device configured to treat an exhaust gas feedstream of an internal combustion engine includes monitoring amounts of ammonia that are adsorbed, desorbed, and oxidized and an amount of ammonia that is consumed in reducing NOx in the exhaust gas feedstream from the discrete substrate element. An amount of ammonia consumption for the discrete substrate element is determined based on the amount of ammonia that is oxidized and the amount of ammonia that is consumed in reducing NOx in the exhaust gas feedstream. The amount of ammonia that is adsorbed and the amount of ammonia that is desorbed for the discrete substrate element are compared and the amount of ammonia consumption for the discrete substrate element is adjusted when the amount of ammonia that is adsorbed is less than the amount of ammonia that is desorbed.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment system includes a SCR device that stores a reductant that reacts with the NOx emissions and a reductant supply system to inject the reductant according to a reductant load model. At least one temperature sensor or model generates a temperature signal indicating an SCR temperature of the SCR device. The exhaust gas treatment system further includes a control module in electrical communication with the reductant supply system. The control module is configured to determine an amount of reductant that slips from the SCR device based on the at least one temperature signal and the rate of change of the SCR temperature. The control module further determines a correction factor based on the amount of slipped reductant to modify the reductant load model.

Abstract: A method of regenerating a particulate filter of an exhaust system is provided. The method includes determining a first regeneration mode based on a soot level; generating control signals to a first fuel injector associated with an engine based on the first regeneration mode; determining a second regeneration mode based on the soot level; and generating control signal to a second fuel injector associated with an exhaust stream of the exhaust system based on the second regeneration mode.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment system includes a SCR device that stores a reductant that reacts with the NOx emissions and a reductant supply system to inject the reductant according to a reductant load model. At least one temperature sensor or model generates a temperature signal indicating an SCR temperature of the SCR device. The exhaust gas treatment system further includes a control module in electrical communication with the reductant supply system. The control module is configured to determine an amount of reductant that slips from the SCR device based on the at least one temperature signal and the rate of change of the SCR temperature. The control module further determines a correction factor based on the amount of slipped reductant to modify the reductant load model.

Abstract: A method of estimating a total amount of soot in a diesel particulate filter includes monitoring a pressure differential across the diesel particulate filter; monitoring an engine speed and an engine load from an engine in fluid communication with the diesel particulate filter; determining a first soot mass estimate from the monitored pressure differential, the first soot mass estimate having an associated confidence indicator based on the monitored engine speed and engine load; determining a second soot mass estimate from the monitored engine speed and engine load; and outputting the first soot mass estimate if the confidence indicator is above a predetermined threshold, and outputting the second soot mass estimate if the confidence indicator is below the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A method for engine-out soot flow rate prediction of an exhaust gas treatment system is provided. A measured level of oxides of nitrogen in the exhaust gas treatment system is received. An engine fuel injection timing and air-fuel ratio of an engine producing the oxides of nitrogen are also received. An engine timing factor is determined based on the engine fuel injection timing. An engine air-fuel ratio factor is determined based on the engine air-fuel ratio. An engine-out soot flow rate prediction is generated based on the measured level of oxides of nitrogen, the engine timing factor, and the engine air-fuel ratio factor.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment system for an internal combustion engine for determining a total amount of sulfur that is stored on at least one aftertreatment device is provided. The exhaust gas treatment system includes a control module that monitors operation of the internal combustion engine for an amount of fuel consumed and an amount of oil consumed by the internal combustion engine. The control module includes a sulfur adsorption module and a total sulfur storage module. The sulfur adsorption module determines a rate of sulfur adsorption in at least one aftertreatment device. The rate of sulfur adsorption is based on the amount of fuel consumed and the amount of oil consumed. The total sulfur storage module is in communication with the sulfur adsorption module. The total sulfur storage module determines the total amount of sulfur stored based on the rate of sulfur adsorption.

Abstract: A method of estimating a total amount of soot in a diesel particulate filter includes monitoring a pressure differential across the diesel particulate filter; monitoring an engine speed and an engine load from an engine in fluid communication with the diesel particulate filter; determining a first soot mass estimate from the monitored pressure differential, the first soot mass estimate having an associated confidence indicator based on the monitored engine speed and engine load; determining a second soot mass estimate from the monitored engine speed and engine load; and outputting the first soot mass estimate if the confidence indicator is above a predetermined threshold, and outputting the second soot mass estimate if the confidence indicator is below the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: An exhaust diagnostic system comprises a selective catalyst reduction (SCR) component testing module, an exhaust stream temperature management module, and a test enabling module. The component testing module executes an SCR component efficiency test. The exhaust stream temperature management module adjusts a temperature of the SCR component to a predetermined temperature range. The test enabling module executes a process for depleting a reductant load and subsequently initiates an SCR component efficiency test while the temperature of the SCR catalyst is within the predetermined temperature range. A method for diagnosing an exhaust system comprises determining an efficiency of an SCR component and selectively adjusting a temperature of the SCR component to a predetermined temperature range. The method also includes executing a process for depleting a reductant load and initiating an SCR component efficiency test while the temperature of the SCR component is within the predetermined temperature range.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine is provided, and includes an exhaust gas conduit, an oxidization catalyst (“OC”) device, a temperature sensor, an intake mass air flow sensor, an engine air intake mechanism, and a control module. The exhaust gas conduit is in fluid communication with, and is configured to receive an exhaust gas. The OC device is in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit. The OC device has an OC light-off temperature. The OC device is selectively activated to the light-off temperature to induce oxidization of the exhaust gas. The temperature sensor is situated in the exhaust stream upstream of the OC device. The temperature sensor monitors an exhaust gas temperature. The intake mass air flow sensor measures an air mass entering the internal combustion engine. The engine air intake mechanism is selectively activated to modulate the air mass entering the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An engine control system includes a dosing control module and an offset determination module. The dosing control module actuates an injector to inject a first amount of reducing agent into exhaust gas produced by an engine during a period when a temperature of the exhaust gas is greater than a predetermined temperature threshold. The offset determination module determines an efficiency of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) material based on measured amounts of nitrogen oxide (NOx) during the period and expected NOx amounts, wherein the measured amounts of NOx are measured at locations upstream and downstream from the SCR material, and wherein the expected NOx amounts are based on the temperature of the exhaust gas and the first amount of reducing agent.

Abstract: A method for engine-out soot flow rate prediction of an exhaust gas treatment system is provided. A measured level of oxides of nitrogen in the exhaust gas treatment system is received. An engine fuel injection timing and air-fuel ratio of an engine producing the oxides of nitrogen are also received. An engine timing factor is determined based on the engine fuel injection timing. An engine air-fuel ratio factor is determined based on the engine air-fuel ratio. An engine-out soot flow rate prediction is generated based on the measured level of oxides of nitrogen, the engine timing factor, and the engine air-fuel ratio factor.

Abstract: A method of controlling an exhaust gas treatment system includes measuring a quantity of fuel used by the vehicle during a defined time period of a regeneration event, and estimating a quantity of particulate matter being burnt from a particulate filter during the defined time period to define a particulate matter burn rate. The quantity of fuel used is compared with the calculated particulate matter burn rate to define a regeneration fuel efficiency ratio. The regeneration fuel efficiency ratio is compared to a minimum regeneration fuel efficiency rate to determine if the regeneration event is an efficient use of fuel or is not an efficient use of fuel. The regeneration event is stopped prior to an estimated completion of the regeneration event when the comparison of the regeneration fuel efficiency ratio to the minimum regeneration fuel efficiency rate indicates that the regeneration event is not an efficient use of fuel.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment system is provided having an internal combustion engine, an exhaust gas conduit, a passive selective catalyst reduction (SCR) device, a heated SCR device, and a control module. The exhaust gas conduit is in fluid communication with and is configured to receive an exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine. The passive SCR device is in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit and is configured to receive the exhaust gas. The passive SCR includes a passive SCR temperature profile. The heated SCR device is in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit and is configured to receive the exhaust gas. The heated SCR device is located upstream of the passive SCR. The heated SCR is selectively activated to produce heat. The control module is in communication with the heated SCR and the engine and includes a control logic for determining the passive SCR temperature profile.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a discrete substrate element from an ammonia-selective catalyst reduction device configured to treat an exhaust gas feedstream of an internal combustion engine includes monitoring amounts of ammonia that are adsorbed, desorbed, and oxidized and an amount of ammonia that is consumed in reducing NOx in the exhaust gas feedstream from the discrete substrate element. An amount of ammonia consumption for the discrete substrate element is determined based on the amount of ammonia that is oxidized and the amount of ammonia that is consumed in reducing NOx in the exhaust gas feedstream. The amount of ammonia that is adsorbed and the amount of ammonia that is desorbed for the discrete substrate element are compared and the amount of ammonia consumption for the discrete substrate element is adjusted when the amount of ammonia that is adsorbed is less than the amount of ammonia that is desorbed.