Abstract: The current invention includes an additive manufactured electrode that may be used for a flow battery system. In some embodiments, the electrode may include a composite material and/or at least one flow channel to direct, or at least influence, flow of electrolyte. The flow channel can be formed onto a surface and/or within a body of the electrode, and may be used to generate fluid pathways that cause the electrolyte to flow in a certain manner. The composite material may include a rigid core and a flexible compressible outer layer that may improve reactions zones, enhance mechanical properties, and/or provide low-pressure paths for electrolyte to flow.

Abstract: The current invention includes an additive manufactured electrode that may be used for a flow battery system. In some embodiments, the electrode may include a composite material and/or at least one flow channel to direct, or at least influence, flow of electrolyte. The flow channel can be formed onto a surface and/or within a body of the electrode, and may be used to generate fluid pathways that cause the electrolyte to flow in a certain manner. The composite material may include a rigid core and a flexible compressible outer layer that may improve reactions zones, enhance mechanical properties, and/or provide low-pressure paths for electrolyte to flow.

Abstract: Processing methods and systems are directed toward water filtration and/or purification techniques and/or energy recovery processes that may be used to generate usable water. Some embodiments can include at least one filtration and/or purification stage that processes water to a level of purity. Some embodiments can include recirculating water streams through a stage or another stage to achieve a desired level of purity. Some embodiments can include use of an energy recovery unit that may harvest energy from the water stream of the system and supply the harvested energy therefrom back into the system.

Abstract: A composite electrode adapted for use in a flow battery stack system has a carbon felt stratum forming a semi-porous reaction zone and a carbon foam stratum forming a porous flow path zone. The composite electrode is less compressible than prior art electrodes having similar conductivity and specific surface areas. Flow battery stack systems employing the composite electrode operate with lower feed pressures, experiences a lower pressure drops across the electrodes, and realize improved electrical resistivity. Alternative embodiments provide electrical conductive elements and a current collector disposed on a surface of the composite electrode.