Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula (I): wherein the variables are defined in the specification, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, that are inhibitors of JAK kinases. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds to treat inflammatory bowel diseases, and processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: Sodium chlorate is produced industrially via electrolysis of brine and is thus an energy intensive process. An improved cathode for this and other industrial processes is a low nickel content stainless steel whose surface has been suitably modified. With an appropriate amount of surface roughening, the cathode provides for improved overvoltages during electrolysis while still maintaining corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A method of welding a ferritic stainless steel part to a carbon steel part is described. The method comprises arc welding (e.g. GTAW welding) the ferritic stainless steel part to the carbon steel part using a duplex stainless steel filler metal. Welded article made in this way is useful for industrial electrolyzers and particularly for corrosion resistant cathode and carrier plate assemblies in a sodium chlorate electrolyzer.

Abstract: Sodium chlorate is produced industrially via electrolysis of brine and is thus an energy intensive process. An improved cathode for this and other industrial processes is a low nickel content stainless steel whose surface has been suitably modified. With an appropriate amount of surface roughening, the cathode provides for improved overvoltages during electrolysis while still maintaining corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a distinct set of keys dedicated to producing musical notes, by which musical patterns can be created, stored and shared between users. The musical patterns may be used as identifiable audio signals to contact other users, and to signal incoming communications from other users. A method of communicating using such an apparatus, including the steps of creating a musical pattern, associating it with an address, and contacting the address upon inputting the pattern, or playing the pattern upon receipt of a signal from the associated address. Patterns may be shared between users, and users may modify or add to each other's patterns.

Abstract: Fluorination of a porous hydrocarbon-based polymer for use as a composite membrane and, more particularly, for use as a composite proton exchange membrane for a fuel cell. The composite membrane is formed by fluorination of the porous hydrocarbon-based polymer to yield a selectively fluorinated polymer, which is then loaded with an ionomer to yield the composite membrane.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for coating an ion-exchange membrane or fluid diffusion layer with a catalyst layer for use in an electrochemical fuel cell is disclosed, the method comprising the steps of electrostatically charging a catalyst slurry to yield an electrostatically-charged catalyst slurry, and applying the electrostatically-charged catalyst slurry onto a first surface of the ion-exchange membrane or fluid diffusion layer to form a first catalyst layer on the first surface.

Abstract: Fluid diffusion layers with favorable mechanical and electrical properties are prepared for fuel cell electrodes by impregnating a porous carbonaceous web with a carbonizable polymer having pyrrolidone functionality and then carbonizing the pyrrolidone polymer. The polymer having pyrrolidone functionality is stabilized against vaporization by use of an oxidization step prior to carbonization. The fluid diffusion layers are particularly suitable for use as gas diffusion layers in solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

Abstract: Fluid diffusion layers with favorable mechanical and electrical properties are prepared for fuel cell electrodes by impregnating a porous carbonaceous web with a carbonizable polymer having pyrrolidone functionality and then carbonizing the pyrrolidone polymer. The polymer having pyrrolidone functionality is stabilized against vaporization by use of an oxidization step prior to carbonization. The fluid diffusion layers are particularly suitable for use as gas diffusion layers in solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

Abstract: Fluid diffusion layers, as well as methods and compositions for making such fluid diffusion layers, include a loading material comprising both carbon black and graphite particles in a weight ratio of less than about 50:50. The fluid diffusion layers have favorable mechanical and electrical properties, such as air flow and through-plane resistance.

Abstract: Fluid diffusion layers with favorable mechanical and electrical properties are prepared for fuel cell electrodes by impregnating a porous carbonaceous web with a carbonizable polymer having pyrrolidone functionality and then carbonizing the pyrrolidone polymer. The polymer having pyrrolidone functionality is stabilized against vaporization by use of an oxidization step prior to carbonization. The fluid diffusion layers are particularly suitable for use as gas diffusion layers in solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells.