Abstract: A water-resistant composition 20 includes a graphene material 22 forming a matrix with a resin 23. The matrix can include reinforcing fibres such as glass fibres. The composition can include the graphene material 22, a polyester resin 23 and glass fibre reinforcement. Multiple forms of the composite can be provided in layers, such as a barrier layer containing the graphene material 22 in a resin 23 and a second layer containing reinforcing material. A cosmetic coloured gel coat can be applied to the composition and a clear gel coat applied over the cosmetic coating. The graphene material can include graphene platelets 22 dispersed within the resin. The graphene material can provide up to 5% by weight (% wt) of the composite, preferably up to 2% wt of the composite, more preferably between 1% wt and 2.5% wt of the composite and yet more preferably 2% wt of the composite.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for the production of Graphene and similar atomic scale laminar materials by the delamination of a bulk laminar material, such as graphite. This apparatus provides prolonged head life and avoids catastrophic head wear in an isolated region. Overall product quality over time is better maintained. Also, the benefit of a self-unblocking delamination apparatus can be achieved whilst maintaining high product quality and consistency. Relatively small variation in gap size being sufficient to avoid blockage, such as occurs by the aggregation of large particles or groups of particles in the high shear gap used for delamination.

Abstract: A system and a method of continuously separating submicron thickness laminar solid particles from a solid suspension, segregating the suspension into a submicron thickness particle fraction suspension and a residual particle fraction suspension, the method comprising the steps of; providing a continuous centrifuge apparatus; providing a suspension of submicron thickness laminar solid particles in a solid suspension; wherein the solid suspension comprises the submicron thickness solid particles in a liquid continuous phase; separating the solid suspension in the apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus for production of Graphene and similar atomic scale laminar materials by the delamination of a bulk laminar material, such as graphite; comprising: a pump for pumping a fluid being a suspension of solid particles of the bulk laminar material, at a pressure of greater than 1 MPa, along a fluid conduit and against; an impact head having an impact face substantially perpendicular to the trajectory of incoming fluid to form a narrow variable gap. Variation is mediated by pneumatic pressure directly or indirectly in opposition to the force applied to the impact head along the principle axis by, in use, the pressure applied by the fluid. This provides a self-unblocking delamination apparatus maintaining high product quality and consistency. Relatively small variation in gap size being sufficient to avoid blockage, such as occurs by aggregation of large particles or groups of particles in the high shear gap used for delamination.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for the production of Graphene and similar atomic scale laminar materials by the delamination of a bulk laminar material, such as graphite; the apparatus comprising: a pump (112) for pumping a fluid, the fluid being a suspension of solid particles of the bulk laminar material, at a pressure of greater than 1 MPa, along a fluid conduit (12) and against; an impact head (16) having an impact face perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the trajectory of the incoming fluid, so as to form a narrow and variable gap (20) and wherein that variation is mediated by means of a pneumatic pressure directly or indirectly in opposition to the force applied to the impact head along the principle axis by, in use, the pressure applied by the pumped fluid. This apparatus provides a self-unblocking delamination apparatus whilst maintaining high product quality and consistency.

Abstract: A process for preparing a product comprising one or more graphene layers, the process comprising: producing hydrodynamic cavitation in a liquid medium comprising a diaromatic component to synthesise the one or more graphene layers from the diaromatic component.

Abstract: A system and a method of continuously separating submicron thickness laminar solid particles from a solid suspension, segregating the suspension into a submicron thickness particle fraction suspension and a residual particle fraction suspension, the method comprising the steps of; providing a continuous centrifuge apparatus; providing a suspension of submicron thickness laminar solid particles in a solid suspension; wherein the solid suspension comprises the submicron thickness solid particles in a liquid continuous phase; separating the solid suspension in the apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for the production of Graphene and similar atomic scale laminar materials by the delamination of a bulk laminar material, such as graphite. This apparatus provides prolonged head life and avoids catastrophic head wear in an isolated region. Overall product quality over time is better maintained. Also, the benefit of a self-unblocking delamination apparatus can be achieved whilst maintaining high product quality and consistency. Relatively small variation in gap size being sufficient to avoid blockage, such as occurs by the aggregation of large particles or groups of particles in the high shear gap used for delamination.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for the production of Graphene and similar atomic scale laminar materials by the delamination of a bulk laminar material, such as graphite; the apparatus comprising a pump (112) for pumping a fluid, the fluid being a suspension of solid particles of the bulk laminar material, at a pressure of greater than 1 MPa, along a fluid conduit (12) and against an impact head (16) having an impact face perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the trajectory of the incoming fluid, being the principal axis relative to the proximal end of the conduit (24) so as to form a narrow and variable gap (20) and where in the impact head is symmetric about a longitudinal axis which is in line with the principal axis and such that the symmetry allows rotation of the head. This apparatus provides prolonged head life and avoids catastrophic head wear in an isolated region. Overall product quality over time is better maintained.

Abstract: A process for preparing a product comprising one or more graphene layers, the process comprising: producing hydro-dynamic cavitation in a liquid medium comprising a diaromatic component to synthesise the one or more graphene layers from the diaromatic component.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the production of graphene and similar atomic scale laminar materials by the delamination of a bulk laminar material where the apparatus includes a main pump (112) suitable for pumping a fluid, wherein the fluid includes a solid suspension of particles of the bulk laminar material, at a pressure of greater than 1 MPa, towards and in fluid communication with core components (10) that include a fluid conduit (12) and an impact head (16) that form an annular gap (20) of between 500 ?m and 1 ?m results between an end of the fluid conduit proximate to the impact head and the impact head and where the gap forms a continuous region surrounding the end of the fluid conduit that is substantially coplanar with the impact head where an impact head surround (26) extends the region in which the fluid is constrained before exiting the core components.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the production of graphene and similar atomic scale laminar materials by the delamination of a bulk laminar material where the apparatus includes a main pump (112) suitable for pumping a fluid, wherein the fluid includes a solid suspension of particles of the bulk laminar material, at a pressure of greater than 1 MPa, towards and in fluid communication with core components (10) that include a fluid conduit (12) and an impact head (16) that form an annular gap (20) of between 500 ?m and 1 ?m results between an end of the fluid conduit proximate to the impact head and the impact head and where the gap forms a continuous region surrounding the end of the fluid conduit that is substantially coplanar with the impact head where an impact head surround (26) extends the region in which the fluid is constrained before exiting the core components.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for the production of Graphene and similar atomic scale laminar materials by the delamination of a bulk laminar material, such as graphite; the apparatus comprising: a pump (112) for pumping a fluid, the fluid being a suspension of solid particles of the bulk laminar material, at a pressure of greater than 1 MPa, along a fluid conduit (12) and against; an impact head (16) having an impact face perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the trajectory of the incoming fluid, so as to form a narrow and variable gap (20) and wherein that variation is mediated by means of a pneumatic pressure directly or indirectly in opposition to the force applied to the impact head along the principle axis by, in use, the pressure applied by the pumped fluid. This apparatus provides a self-unblocking delamination apparatus whilst maintaining high product quality and consistency.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for the production of Graphene and similar atomic scale laminar materials by the delamination of a bulk laminar material, such as graphite; the apparatus comprising a pump (112) for pumping a fluid, the fluid being a suspension of solid particles of the bulk laminar material, at a pressure of greater than 1 MPa, along a fluid conduit (12) and against an impact head (16) having an impact face perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the trajectory of the incoming fluid, being the principal axis relative to the proximal end of the conduit (24) so as to form a narrow and variable gap (20) and where in the impact head is symmetric about a longitudinal axis which is in line with the principal axis and such that the symmetry allows rotation of the head. This apparatus provides prolonged head life and avoids catastrophic head wear in an isolated region. Overall product quality over time is better maintained.

Abstract: A system and a method of continuously separating submicron thickness laminar solid particles from a solid suspension, segregating the suspension into a submicron thickness particle fraction suspension and a residual particle fraction suspension, the method comprising the steps of; providing a continuous centrifuge apparatus; providing a suspension of submicron thickness laminar solid particles in a solid suspension; wherein the solid suspension comprises the submicron thickness solid particles in a liquid continuous phase; separating the solid suspension in the apparatus.

Abstract: A method of preparing a 2D material (e.g. graphene or of boron nitride), the method comprising: (i) selecting a fluid comprising the 2D material dispersed in a solvent; (ii) using a filtration device to remove solvent from the fluid and increase the concentration of 2D material in the fluid, wherein the fluid suitably includes a surfactant, which may be sodium cholate or sodium dodecylbenezenesulphonate and wherein the filtration device is suitably a cross-flow filtration device.