Abstract: A process for the preparation of at least two organic products from a synthesis gas by (i) converting a first synthesis gas feed to a first organic product and a first by-product; (ii) converting a second synthesis gas feed to a second organic product and a second by-product; (iii) separating the first and/or second by-product from, respectively, the first and/or second organic product, and (iv) mixing the separated first and/or second by-product with, respectively, the second and/or first organic product. Preferably, the first organic product is paraffinic hydrocarbons or oxygenates and the second organic product is olefinic hydrocarbons or oxygenates.

Abstract: Styrene or substituted styrenes are produced by a process comprising the gas phase dehydration of 1-phenyl ethanol or substituted 1-phenyl ethanol in the presence of a solid acidic catalyst comprising a zeolite and a binder material, wherein the weight ratio of zeolite to binder is in the range of from 1:99 to 90:10 and wherein the following relation applies: 0<K<5 with K=V/S×[(Pz×fz)+(Pb×fb)]½, wherein: V/S is the volume/surface ratio of the catalyst used in mm; fz is the weight fraction of zeolite present in the catalyst in grams zeolite per gram catalyst; fb is the weight fraction of binder present in the catalyst in grams binder per gram catalyst; pz is the intrinsic productivity of zeolite expressed as grams styrene produced per gram of the zeolite per hour, as measured for pure zeolite samples of small particle size (i.e., <0.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic conversion of carboxylic acids with acetylene to vinylesters. At least one, preferably saturated, secondary carboxylic ester and/or at least one, preferably tertiary carboxylic acid is (are) passed in the gas phase together with acetylene at an elevated temperature, preferably in the range of from 150 to 400° C., over a catalyst comprising zinc and a solid inert oxidic carrier, preferably alumina. The carboxylic acids have advantageously the following formula: in which R1 is H or an alkyl group and R2 and R3 are alkyl groups, the total number of C-atoms of R1+R2+R3 being in the range of from 3 to 18. These vinylesters have a good stability and are particularly useful components in emulsion paints and as modifiers in alkyd and epoxy resin.

Abstract: A process for manufacture of branched carboxylic acids from branched olefins by means of reaction with carbon monoxide and a solid acid catalyst, characterized in that a branched olefin, or a precursor thereof, is reacted in a batch reactor or a plug flow reactor with carbon monoxide and water, in the presence of an acidic ion exchanger, having sufficient acid groups to provide requisite protons for conversion of said olefin or a precursor of it, and carbon monoxide into branched carboxylic acids, and in the presence of a polar non-coordinating organic solvent.

Abstract: A tractor includes various actuators or functions, such as a powershift transmission, a hitch and hitch control system, a PTO, a plurality of selective control valves, etc., all controlled by one or more control units in response to sensed parameters and operator manipulated control devices, such as switches, knobs and levers. A function management system includes a programmed control unit which has a learn/save mode which is operable while the vehicle is moving. During the learn/save mode the operator performs a sequence of manual manipulations of the operator control devices, and the control unit records and then stores information pertaining to the sequence of operations, together with information pertaining to the distances traveled by the tractor between operations.

Abstract: A tractor includes various actuators or functions, such as a powershift transmission, a hitch and hitch control system, a PTO, a plurality of selective control valves, etc., all controlled by one or more control units in response to sensed parameters and operator manipulated control devices, such as switches, knobs and levers. A function management system includes a programmed control unit which has a learn/save mode which is operable while the vehicle is moving. During the learn/save mode the operator performs a sequence of manual manipulations of the operator control devices, and the control unit records and then stores information pertaining to the sequence of operations, together with information pertaining to the distances traveled by the tractor between operations.

Abstract: A process for manufacture of &agr;,&agr;-branched carboxylic acids from linear olefins by means of reaction with carbon monoxide and an acid catalyst, characterized in that a linear olefin containing from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or a precursor thereof, is reacted in a batch reactor or a continuous reactor, with carbon monoxide and water, in the presence of a catalyst having sufficient acid groups to provide requisite protons for the formation of Koch acid, and in the presence of a polar non-coordinating organic solvent.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenation of a macromolecular organic substrate which process comprises contacting the organic substrate at elevated temperature and at elevated pressure with a catalyst comprising a hydrogenating metal or precursor thereof in the form of a megaporous structure having megapore diameter in excess of 10 micron.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for use in a process for the preparation of hydrocarbons comprising cobalt and manganese and/or vanadium, supported on a carrier, wherein the cobalt:(manganese+vanadium) atomic ratio is at least 12:1. Preferably, the cobalt:(manganese+vanadium) atomic ratio is at most 1500:1. The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of hydrocarbons which comprises contacting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide at elevated temperature and pressure with a catalyst as described hereinbefore. Typically, at least part of the cobalt is present in the metallic state.

Abstract: A process is provided for manufacture of branched carboxylic acids from branched olefins by means of reaction with carbon monoxide and a solid acid catalyst. In this process, a branched olefin, or a precursor thereof, is reacted in continuously backmixed reactor, with continuously supplied carbon monoxide and water, while continuously an effluent is withdrawn comprising branched carboxylic acid, non-converted olefin, carbon monoxide and water, in the presence of an acidic ion exchanger, having sufficient acid groups to provide requisite protons for conversion of the olefin or a precursor of it, and carbon monoxide into branched carboxylic acids.

Abstract: A process for carrying out a chemical equilibrium reaction is disclosed in which, in a first stage, one or more reactants are contacted with a fixed arrangement of a catalyst under conditions such that the reactants and the products of the reaction are gaseous, the unconverted reactants and products of the first stage being passed to a second stage, in which they are contacted with a fixed arrangement of a catalyst and the reaction allowed to proceed in the presence of an absorbent capable of absorbing a product of the reaction.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a hydrogen and carbon monoxide synthesis gas employing a temperature of 800.degree. C. or more, one or more inorganic oxide or oxides and space velocities of 500,000 Nl/kg/hr or higher. The catalyst is present on a foamed support which has been present with an impregnating medium comprising one or more inorganic oxide or oxides having a viscosity of greater than 1 cps at 20.degree. C.

Abstract: A reactor for the pressure gasification of coal by treatment with oxygen and steam and, if desired, additional gasifying agents, at elevated temperatures and pressures, includes a water-cooled jacket and a rotary grate for moving the material to be gasified and for distributing the gasifying agents introduced into the reactor. The rotary grate is made of at least two concentric parts each of which rotates independly of the other part.

Abstract: Lump fuels are continuously coked at a high temperature above 750.degree. C in a shaft oven with direct heating by a hot scavenging gas which is produced by a partial combustion of the coking gas and conducted through the shaft oven in a countercurrent to the lump fuel. A reactive carbonaceous material is added to the hot scavenging gas before it enters the high-temperature coking zone and reacts with the gasifying agents (carbon dioxide and water) contained therein before it is introduced into the shaft oven.

Abstract: A hot and cold water plumbing fixture having a pair of water supply lines arranged parallel to each other in a fixture housing is attached to building water pipes by means of a wall fitting which includes a pair of connecting pipes disposed parallel to each other adjacent one end, and extending at a substantial angle to each other at the opposite end. The parallel end portions of such connecting pipes are of such size and spacing that they may telescope with the supply lines of the plumbing fixture. The opposite ends of the connecting pipes are attached to the building water pipes, preferably by means of a compression coupling which allows for considerable axial tolerance between the building water pipes and the pipes of the wall fitting. The plumbing fixture is attached to the wall fitting by simply telescoping the water supply lines of the fixture with the connecting pipes of the fitting, and by then locking the fixture to the fitting by means of a locking screw or other device.