Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the treatment of a carbon dioxide-containing gas stream from a large-scale combustion plant, in particular of a power station. The gas stream is separated in a carbon dioxide purification stage R into a gas substream having an increased carbon dioxide content and a gas substream having a reduced carbon dioxide content. The gas substream having an increased carbon dioxide content is fed to a further use and/or storage S. In particular, compression of the carbon dioxide under the ground can reduce the emission of gases which affect the climate. To increase the proportion of compressible CO2, it is proposed that the gas substream having a reduced carbon dioxide content is fed to a pressure swing adsorption stage PSA in which a fraction which is rich in carbon dioxide and a fraction which is low in carbon dioxide are produced.

Abstract: An arrangement for generating oxygen in a facility is described, which arrangement has at least one unit for generating medical air (V, R), a vacuum system (VS), and a PSA unit (A), which serves to generate an oxygen product stream. According to the invention, the PSA unit (A) and the vacuum system (VS) are interconnected in such a way that the adsorber or adsorbers of the PSA unit (A) can be regenerated by means of the vacuum system (VS), and/or the unit for generating medical air (V, R) is connected to the PSA unit (A) in such a way that at least a subsidiary stream (2) of the generated medical air is delivered as feed gas to the PSA unit (A).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the treatment of a carbon dioxide-containing gas stream from a large-scale combustion plant, in particular of a power station. The gas stream is separated in a carbon dioxide purification stage R into a gas substream having an increased carbon dioxide content and a gas substream having a reduced carbon dioxide content. The gas substream having an increased carbon dioxide content is fed to a further use and/or storage S. In particular, compression of the carbon dioxide under the ground can reduce the emission of gases which affect the climate. To increase the proportion of compressible CO2, it is proposed that the gas substream having a reduced carbon dioxide content is fed to a pressure swing adsorption stage PSA in which a fraction which is rich in carbon dioxide and a fraction which is low in carbon dioxide are produced.

Abstract: An arrangement for generating oxygen in a facility is described, which arrangement has at least one unit for generating medical air (V, R), a vacuum system (VS), and a PSA unit (A), which serves to generate an oxygen product stream. According to the invention, the PSA unit (A) and the vacuum system (VS) are interconnected in such a way that the adsorber or adsorbers of the PSA unit (A) can be regenerated by means of the vacuum system (VS), and/or the unit for generating medical air (V, R) is connected to the PSA unit (A) in such a way that at least a subsidiary stream (2) of the generated medical air is delivered as feed gas to the PSA unit (A).

Abstract: A process for separating hydrogen from a gas flow having an oxygen constituent and including predominantly hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane and/or other hydrocarbons, as well as a device for conducting the process, is disclosed. The gas flow undergoes a process to thermally convert oxygen prior to the pressure swing adsorption process.

Abstract: A process for separating hydrogen from a gas flow having an oxygen constituent and including predominantly hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane and/or other hydrocarbons, as well as a device for conducting the process, is disclosed. The gas flow undergoes a process to thermally convert oxygen prior to the pressure swing adsorption process.

Abstract: A process and a device for separating hydrogen from a gas flow having an oxygen constituent, comprised primarily of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane and/or other hydrocarbons, is disclosed. The gas flow is compressed in a multi-stage compression process and then cooled to room temperature by a heat exchanger. After a pre-adsorber, the gas flow is fed to a catalytic process for removing the oxygen. The catalytic reaction for removing the oxygen takes place exothermically. The gas flow is then cooled to room temperature via another heat exchanger and fed to a pressure swing adsorption process for hydrogen separation. The hydrogen is separated there from the residual gas.

Abstract: Fractionation by adsorption of a hydrogen-containing gas mixture can be achieved by passing the gas mixture over an adsorption bed containing an activated-carbon layer a downstream molecular sieve layer of the 5 A type, and positioned between the activated-carbon layer and the downstream molecular sieve layer, an intermediate layer containing molecular sieve of the X type. A hydrogen-rich gas mixture is then removed. The molecular sieve(s) of the X type, can be a CaX type, an NaX type, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: In a pressure swing adsorption process, after the adsorption phase, the residual less adsorbable components are purged by the introduction of a gas consisting essentially of the more adsorbable component. The more adsorbable component is subsequently recovered by drawing a vacuum on the adsorber. When separating a gaseous mixture containing 40-75 mol % of the more adsorbable component, after a vacuum recovery step to 0.03-0.3 bar, a first pressure buildup phase is performed with a gas consisting essentially of less adsorbable components. Preferably, the gas is an unadsorbed gas exiting during the adsorption phase from another adsorber. The gas employed in the first pressure build up is introduced into the adsorber countercurrently to the adsorption direction until an intermediate pressure of 0.1-1 bar is reached. A further pressure buildup is then conducted, preferably with expansion gas from another adsorber and/or with the gaseous mixture to be separated.

Abstract: In a pressure swing adsorption process during at least one stage of expansion, pressure buildup, or purging, a side stream of an expansion gas, pressure buildup gas or purge gas is withdrawn from or introduced into a central zone of the adsorber. The purge stream can be withdrawn in the loaded condition, if desired.

Abstract: A pressure swing adsorption process is suggested conducted with three adsorbers. Cocurrent expansion gas obtained after termination of the adsorption phase is utilized initially for scavenging another adsorber. Additional cocurrent expansion gas serves for pressure buildup in the scavenged adsorber. Whereas this first pressure buildup is performed preferably in the adsorption direction, the subsequent pressurizing to adsorption pressure is conducted with the use of product gas in countercurrent mode. Furthermore, a special adsorber construction is proposed.

Abstract: A cyclic adsorption process for the fractionation of a gaseous mixture, over an adsorbent exhibiting differential rates of adsorption for the components of the gaseous mixture. The process delivers a product gas of a constant concentration by varying the length of time of the adsorption phase and the rate of flow of the product gas from the adsorber, in response to a varying demand for the product gas. The rate of flow of a feed gas is varied in relationship to the rate of flow of the product gas. The rates of flow of the feed gas and of the product gas and the length of time of the adsorption cycle are determined from a correlation of the rate of flow of the product gas as a function of the product gas purity. The correlation is established experimentally for each feed/product gas combination.

Abstract: A method of operating a multi-adsorber pressure-swing adsorber installation in which each adsorber is, in a given cycle, operated for a plurality of time slots in an adsorption stage, subjected to a plurality of pressure-relief phases over corresponding time slots by pressure equalization with other adsorbers, the pressure-relief phases are followed by purging phases and ultimately pressure buildup phases likewise by pressure equalization with other adsorbers.

Abstract: In a pressure swing adsorption process, the adsorbent being for example a carbon molecular sieve, the usual initial surge of an undesired component, e.g., O.sub.2 in a nitrogen stream, from the outlet of a freshly repressurized adsorber, is reduced or eliminated by conducting repressurization in a stage-wise manner with the final part of the repressurization being conducted substantially more slowly than the initial stage of repressurization.