Abstract: Described herein are encapsulation devices that include an inner layer, an outer layer, a cell containment layer positioned between the inner and outer layer, and structural elements disposed within the cell containment layer to separate the inner and outer layers by a separation distance. The structural elements define reservoir spaces for the retention of a biological moiety (such as cells) therein. The structural elements maintain a separation distance both under external compressive forces and under internal expansive forces, such as undergoing a geometric change in the encapsulation device or during crushing and subsequent expansion of the cell encapsulation device. In some embodiments, a reinforcing layer is positioned between the inner layer and the cell containment layer. In addition, the encapsulation device may include at least one configuration element. Methods of placing encapsulation devices in a body conduit intra-luminally, extra-luminally, and via an open surgical procedure are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a printed wiring board and memory card assembly comprising a pair of opposed cover plates, a printed wiring board interposed between the opposed cover plates, an electrical battery positioned adjacent the printed wiring board and between the opposed covers, a positive terminal connecting the printed wiring board with the battery and a negative terminal connecting the printed wiring board with the battery and both of the cover plates. A method of grounding the printed wiring board by this assembly is also disclosed.