Abstract: A method of ion implantation using oxygen backfill and a modified surface layer formed therefrom are provided. The method of ion implantation includes the steps of placing a substrate metal in an ion implantation vacuum chamber, introducing oxygen into the ion implantation vacuum chamber and directing a beam of ions at the substrate metal. The modified surface includes a substrate metal and implanted atoms at a surface of the substrate metal. The implanted atoms are integrated with the substrate metal. The substrate metal has an implanted atom concentration of at least 5 atomic % to a depth of over 250 Å.

Abstract: An electrode for electrochemical uses is made of a conductive metal mesh coated with diamond-like carbon or dirty diamond. The electrode may be used in electrochemical cell either as a cathode or as an anode, or can be used with an alternating current.

Abstract: A method of ion implantation using oxygen backfill and a modified surface layer formed therefrom are provided. The method of ion implantation includes the steps of placing a substrate metal in an ion implantation vacuum chamber, introducing oxygen into the ion implantation vacuum chamber and directing a beam of ions at the substrate metal. The modified surface includes a substrate metal and implanted atoms at a surface of the substrate metal. The implanted atoms are integrated with the substrate metal. The substrate metal has an implanted atom concentration of at least 5 atomic % to a depth of over 250 Å.

Abstract: An electrode for electrochemical uses is made of a conductive metal mesh coated with diamond-like carbon or dirty diamond. The electrode may be used in electrochemical cell either as a cathode or as an anode, or can be used with an alternating current.

Abstract: A method of ion implantation using oxygen backfill and a modified surface layer formed therefrom are provided. The method of ion implantation includes the steps of placing a substrate metal in an ion implantation vacuum chamber, introducing oxygen into the ion implantation vacuum chamber and directing a beam of ions at the substrate metal. The modified surface includes a substrate metal and implanted atoms at a surface of the substrate metal. The implanted atoms are integrated with the substrate metal. The substrate metal has an implanted atom concentration of at least 5 atomic % to a depth of over 250 Å.

Abstract: An electrode for electrochemical uses is made of a conductive metal mesh coated with boron-doped diamond. The electrode may be used in electrochemical reactions either as a cathode or as an anode, or can be used with an alternating current.

Abstract: Filamentous substrates are coated with diamond by a chemical vapor deposition process. The substrate may then be etched away to form a diamond filament, such as a diamond tube or a diamond fiber. In a preferred embodiment, the substrate is copper-coated graphite. The copper initially passivates the graphite, permitting diamond nucleation thereon. As deposition continues, the copper-coated graphite is etched away by the active hydrogen used in the deposition process. As a result a substrate-less diamond fiber is formed. Diamond-coated and diamond filaments are useful as reinforcement materials for composites, is filtration media in chemical and purification processes, in biomedical applications as probes and medicinal dispensers, and in such esoteric areas as chaff media for jamming RF frequencies.

Abstract: Filamentous substrates are coated with diamond by a chemical vapor deposin process. The substrate may then be etched away to form a diamond filament. In a preferred embodiment, the substrate is copper-coated graphite. The copper initially passivates the graphite, permitting diamond nucleation thereon. As deposition continues, the copper-coated graphite is etched away by the active hydrogen used in the deposition process. As a result a substrateless diamond tubule is formed. Diamond-coated and diamond filaments are useful as reinforcement materials for composites, as filtration media in chemical and purification processes, in biomedical applications as probes and medicinal dispensers, and in such esoteric areas as chaff media for jamming RF frequencies.

Abstract: The deposition of diamond on a substrate is enhanced by coating the subste surface with a thin layer of carbon before deposition. Preferably, the substrate is scratched before being coated with diamond. The carbon layer may be formed by applying an oil coating to the substrate and then heating the substrate to carbonize the coating, or by the evaporative deposition of carbon.