Abstract: Communication link bonding apparatus and methods are disclosed. Multiple communication links are configured, at a communication link termination module which transfers communication traffic between a further communication link and the multiple communication links, as a group for providing an aggregate group communication traffic rate. The aggregate group communication traffic rate is allocated among the grouped communication links, and communication traffic is distributed for transmission on the communication links in accordance with the communication traffic rate allocation. Once communication links of a group have been initialized using respective initialization communication traffic rates, a communication traffic rate allocation for each of the communication links may be calculated based on an attainable communication traffic rate of the communication link.

Abstract: A method to realize synchronization of data (DAT) sent from a transmitter (TX) to the receiver (RX), with a signal (SIG) available in the receiver (RX). The method includes the following steps: in the receiver (RX) generating trigger signals (T) from the signal (SIG); sending the trigger signals (T) from the receiver (RX) to the transmitter (TX); and upon receipt of the trigger signals (T) by the transmitter (TX) sending the data (DAT) from the transmitter (TX) to the receiver (RX).

Abstract: To transparently transport an incoming clock signal (CLK2) with a known frequency over a network segment wherein transmission between a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX) operates synchronous to a transmit clock signal (CLK1) and receiver clock signal (CLK1?) which are synchronized, the transmitter measures the phase difference (P) between the incoming clock signal (CLK2) and a reference signal (R) obtained from the transmit clock signal (CLK1). The measured phase difference (P) is communicated to the receiver (RX) and used therein to generate a copy (CLK2).

Abstract: For synchronisation purposes, a transmitter (TX) multiplexes a pilot carrier with carriers whereon data elements (DATA) are modulated, and transmits the pilot carrier together with the modulated carriers to a receiver (RX). The immunity of the pilot carrier for interferers, such as radio amateur signals, is improved by modulating the pilot carrier with a non-constant signal, for instance a random signal, an alternating signal or even scrambled data elements (DATA), before transmission thereof. Since demodulation of the pilot carrier in the receiver (RX) and averageing successive demodulated pilot carriers reduces the effect of the interference induced on the non-constantly modulated pilot carrier, the degradation of the synchronisation between transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) is reduced significantly.

Abstract: For synchronization purposes, a transmitter (TX) multiplexes a pilot carrier with carriers whereon data elements (DATA) are modulated, and transmits the pilot carrier together with the modulated carriers to a receiver (RX). The immunity of the pilot carrier for interferers, such as radio amateur signals, is improved by modulating the pilot carrier with a non-constant signal, for instance a random signal, an alternating signal or even scrambled data elements (DATA), before transmission thereof. Since demodulation of the pilot carrier in the receiver (RX) and averaging successive demodulated pilot carriers reduces the effect of the interference induced on the non-constantly modulated pilot carrier, the degradation of the synchronization between transmitter (TX and receiver (RX) is reduced significantly.

Abstract: A method to realize synchronization in a receiver (RX), of data (DAT) sent from a transmitter (TX) to the receiver (RX), with a signal (SIG) available in the receiver (RX). The method includes the following steps: in the receiver (RX) generating trigger signals (T) from the signal (SIG); sending the trigger signals (T) from the receiver (RX) to the transmitter (TX); and upon receipt of the trigger signals (T) by the transmitter (TX) sending the data (DAT) from the transmitter (TX) to the receiver (RX).

Abstract: To transparently transport an incoming clock signal (CLK2) with a known frequency over a network segment wherein transmission between a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX) operates synchronous to a transmit clock signal (CLK1) and receiver clock signal (CLK1′) which are synchronized, the transmitter measures the phase difference (P) between the incoming clock signal (CLK2) and a reference signal (R) obtained from the transmit clock signal (CLK1). The measured phase difference (P) is communicated to the receiver (RX) and used therein to generate a copy (CLK2).

Abstract: To transparently transport an incoming clock signal (CLK2) with a known frequency over a network segment wherein transmission between a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX) operates synchronous to a transmit clock signal (CLK1) and receiver clock signal (CLK1′) which are synchronized, the transmitter measures the phase difference (P) between the incoming clock signal (CLK2) and a reference signal (R) obtained from the transmit clock signal (CLK1).

Abstract: A method to realise synchronisation in a receiver (RX), of data (DAT) sent from a transmitter (TX) to the receiver (RX), with a signal (SIG) available in the receiver (RX).

Abstract: For synchronization purposes, a transmitter (TX) multiplexes a pilot carrier with carriers whereon data elements (DATA) are modulated, and transmits the pilot carrier together with the modulated carriers to a receiver (RX). The immunity of the pilot carrier for interferers, such as radio amateur signals, is improved by modulating the pilot carrier with a non-constant signal, for instance a random signal, an alternating signal or even scrambled data elements (DATA), before transmission thereof. Since demodulation of the pilot carrier in the receiver (RX) and averaging successive demodulated pilot carriers reduces the effect of the interference induced on the non-constantly modulated pilot carrier, the degradation of the synchronization between transmitter (TX and receiver (RX) is reduced significantly.

Abstract: For synchronisation purposes, a transmitter (TX) multiplexes a pilot carrier with carriers whereon data elements (DATA) are modulated, and transmits the pilot carrier together with the modulated carriers to a receiver (RX). The immunity of the pilot carrier from interference, such as radio amateur signals, is improved by modulating the pilot carrier with a non-constant signal, for instance a random signal, an alternating signal or even scrambled data elements (DATA), before transmission thereof. Since demodulation of the pilot carrier in the receiver (RX) and averaging successive demodulated pilot carriers reduces the effect of the interference induced on the non-constantly modulated pilot carrier, the degradation of the synchronisation between transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) is reduced significantly.

Abstract: To transparently transport an incoming clock signal (CLK2) with a known frequency over a network segment wherein transmission between a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX) operates synchronous to a transmit clock signal (CLK1) and receiver clock signal (CLK1′) which are synchronized, the transmitter measures the phase difference (P) between the incoming clock signal (CLK2) and a reference signal (R) obtained from the transmit clock signal (CLK1). The measured phase difference (P) is communicated to the receiver (RX) and used therein to generate a copy clock signal (CLK2).

Abstract: To transparently transport an incoming clock signal (CLK2) with a known frequency over a network segment wherein transmission between a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX) operates synchronous to a transmit clock signal (CLK1) and receiver clock signal (CLK1′) which are synchronized, the transmitter measures the phase difference (P) between the incoming clock signal (CLK2) and a reference signal (R) obtained from the transmit clock signal (CLK1).

Abstract: A windowing unit (WFU) improves band-limited noise immunity of a fourier transformer (FT) of which it is a part. The windowing unit (WFU) comprises a digital window filter (WI) and a folding processor (F). The window function (W) of the digital window filter (WI) consists of a window head (HEAD), a window body (BODY), and a window tail (TAIL), and the shape of the window function (W) is chosen so that the window head (HEAD) is complementary to a tail (BODY TAIL) of a window body (BODY), and similarly the window tail (TAIL) is complementary to a head (BODY HEAD) of the window body (BODY). The folding processor (F) performs the task of mapping the information received in the window head (HEAD) on to the tail (BODY TAIL) of the window body (BODY) and mapping the information received in the window tail (TAIL) on to the head (BODY HEAD) of the window body (BODY).

Abstract: To negotiate a data rate for future transmission over a communication link (TL), a first transceiver (TRX1) proposes a limited number of data rate values to a second transceiver (TRX2). During the selection phase wherein the first transceiver (TRX1) and the second transceiver (TRX2) at the other end of the communication link (TL) have to select one of the data rate values, one of the transceivers (TRX1, TRX2) may decide that none of the proposed data rate values is likely to be used for future transmission. This transceiver then announces a new proposal whereupon a new set of adapted data rate values is produced by one of the transceivers and proposed to the other.

Abstract: A method for interleaving data frames, forward error correcting device and modulator including such a device, wherein each data frame to be interleaved is divided into a plurality of codewords, each containing the same amount of data bytes. An overhead extension is added to the codewords and additionally, the extended codewords are applied to an interleave buffer (IB) to be written in matrix-shaped structure of memory cells included in the interleave buffer (IB). This matrix-shaped structure is filled column by column in such a way that each codeword occupies another column. Data bytes are read out of the matrix-shaped structure row by row as a result of which the data frames are interleaved.

Abstract: A modulator/demodulator (MODEM) is equipped with a rotation circuit (TROT) in its transmitting part (TP) and a rotation circuit (RROT) in its receiving part (RP). To compensate for clock speed differences between the clocks of two communicating modems, the receive rotation circuit (RROT) of one of them rotates the phase of received data carriers in proportion to their respective frequencies. Furthermore, to align transmit data symbols with received data symbols, the transmit rotation circuit (TROT) of one of the modems rotates the phase of the transmit data symbols. Thereto, the phase rotation applied to each carrier whereon the transmit data symbols are modulated, is proportional to the frequency of this carrier and to a phase difference measured between a received pilot carrier (PT) and an expected received pilot carrier (PT.sub.-- E).

Abstract: To transparently transport an incoming clock signal (CLK2) with a known frequency over a network segment wherein transmission between a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX) operates synchronous to a transmit clock signal (CLK1) and receiver clock signal (CLK1') which are synchronized, the transmitter measures the phase difference (P) between the incoming clock signal (CLK2) and a reference signal (R) obtained from the transmit clock signal (CLK1). The measured phase difference (P) is communicated to the receiver (RX) and used therein to generate a copy clock signal (CLK2).

Abstract: A method for interleaving data frames, a forward error correcting device and a modulator including such a device, wherein each data frame to be interleaved is divided into a plurality of words, each containing the same amount of data bytes. An overhead extension is added to the words and additionally, the resulting codewords are applied to an interleave buffer (IB) to be written in matrix-shaped structure of memory cells included in the interleave buffer (IB). This matrix-shaped structure is filled column by column in such a way that each codeword occupies another column. Data bytes are read out of the matrix-shaped structure row by row, as a result of which the data frames are interleaved.

Abstract: A method to realize synchronization in a receiver (RX), of data (DAT) sent from a transmitter (TX) to the receiver (RX), with a signal (SIG) available in the receiver (RX). The method includes the following steps:in the receiver (RX) generating trigger signals (T) from the signal (SIG) available in the receiversending the trigger signals (T) from the receiver (RX) to the transmitter (TX); andupon receipt of the trigger signals (T) by the transmitter (TX) sending the data (DAT) from the transmitter (TX) to the receiver (RX).