Abstract: A caliper atomic force microscope (AFM) comprises two AFM probes (each comprised of an oscillator and an attached tip) that operate on a sample in a coordinated manner. The coordinated operation of the AFM probes may be spatially or temporally coordinated. The result of the coordinated operation may be an image of the sample or a dimensional measurement of an unknown sample. The probes of the caliper AFM may be tilted, or the tips may be tilted at a non-orthogonal angle with respect to the probes, so as to enable the tips to access vertical sample surfaces or to enable the tips to touch each other. The tip shapes may include conical, boot-shaped, cylindrical, or spherical and materials from which the tips are fabricated may include silicon or carbon nanotubes. The oscillators may be beveled to allow the tips to operate in close proximity or in contact without interference of the oscillators. The disclosure of the present invention is discussed in terms of an atomic force (van der Waalls) interaction.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for providing telecommunication services. In one embodiment, the system comprises an antenna at a customer premises, to transmit outbound voice communications in a wireless protocol and to receive inbound voice communications in the wireless protocol. A demarcation device is coupled with the antenna converts inbound voice communications from the wireless protocol to a wired format and converts outbound voice communications from the wired format to the wireless protocol. An interface to the customer premises is coupled with the demarcation device. The interface transmits inbound voice communications in the wired format to the customer premises via a first internal transport medium and transmits outbound voice communications received in the wired format on the first internal transport medium to the demarcation device.

Abstract: A caliper atomic force microscope (AFM) comprises two AFM probes (each comprised of an oscillator and an attached tip) that operate on a sample in a coordinated manner. The coordinated operation of the AFM probes may be spatially or temporally coordinated. The result of the coordinated operation may be an image of the sample or a dimensional measurement of an unknown sample. The probes of the caliper AFM may be tilted, or the tips may be tilted at a non-orthogonal angle with respect to the probes, so as to enable the tips to access vertical sample surfaces or to enable the tips to touch each other. The tip shapes may include conical, boot-shaped, cylindrical, or spherical and materials from which the tips are fabricated may include silicon or carbon nanotubes. The oscillators may be beveled to allow the tips to operate in close proximity or in contact without interference of the oscillators. The disclosure of the present invention is discussed in terms of an atomic force (van der Waalls) interaction.

Abstract: A plasma jet system includes a housing with a single opening. A plasma generator is coupled to ionize a fluid in the housing. An electromagnetic accelerator is coupled to generate an electric field that accelerates ionized fluid in the housing toward the opening. A controller can modulate the frequency of the electric field to cause the ionized fluid to form a plasma vortex flow through the opening. A magnetic field is applied normal to the direction of the plasma vortex flow to mitigate the momentum of the electrons. The electrons slowed by the magnetic field can be collected and conducted to a location where they are re-inserted into the plasma vortex flow to maintain charge neutrality.

Abstract: A plasma jet system includes a housing with an opening. A plasma generator is coupled to ionize a fluid in the housing. An electromagnetic accelerator is coupled to generate an electric field that accelerates ionized fluid in the housing toward the opening. A controller can modulate the frequency of the electric field to cause the ionized fluid to form a plasma vortex flow through the opening. A magnetic field is applied normal to the direction of the plasma vortex flow to mitigate the momentum of the electrons. The electrons slowed by the magnetic field can be collected and conducted to a location where they are re-inserted into the plasma vortex flow to maintain charge neutrality.

Abstract: A caliper atomic force microscope (AFM) comprises two AFM probes (each comprised of an oscillator and an attached tip) that operate on a sample in a coordinated manner. The coordinated operation of the AFM probes may be spatially or temporally coordinated. The result of the coordinated operation may be an image of the sample or a dimensional measurement of an unknown sample. The probes of the caliper AFM may be tilted, or the tips may be tilted at a non-orthogonal angle with respect to the probes, so as to enable the tips to access vertical sample surfaces or to enable the tips to touch each other. The tip shapes may include conical, boot-shaped, cylindrical, or spherical and materials from which the tips are fabricated may include silicon or carbon nanotubes. The oscillators may be beveled to allow the tips to operate in close proximity or in contact without interference of the oscillators. The disclosure of the present invention is discussed in terms of an atomic force (van der Waalls) interaction.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for drilling out from a casing string in a borehole. A reaming assembly is introduced into the borehole and fixed at a predetermined location. A drillable collar is interposed between the reaming assembly and a casing. A drilling assembly introduced into the casing and is then positioned so as to drill through the drillable collar at a predetermined angle into a formation surrounding the borehole.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for providing telecommunication services. In one embodiment, the system comprises an antenna at a customer premises, to transmit outbound voice communications in a wireless protocol and to receive inbound voice communications in the wireless protocol. A demarcation device is coupled with the antenna converts inbound voice communications from the wireless protocol to a wired format and converts outbound voice communications from the wired format to the wireless protocol. An interface to the customer premises is coupled with the demarcation device. The interface transmits inbound voice communications in the wired format to the customer premises via a first internal transport medium and transmits outbound voice communications received in the wired format on the first internal transport medium to the demarcation device.

Abstract: A caliper atomic force microscope (AFM) comprises two AFM probes (each comprised of an oscillator and an attached tip) that operate on a sample in a coordinated manner. The coordinated operation of the AFM probes may be spatially or temporally coordinated. The result of the coordinated operation may be an image of the sample or a dimensional measurement of an unknown sample. The probes of the caliper AFM may be tilted, or the tips may be tilted at a non-orthogonal angle with respect to the probes, so as to enable the tips to access vertical sample surfaces or to enable the tips to touch each other. The tip shapes may include conical, boot-shaped, cylindrical, or spherical and materials from which the tips are fabricated may include silicon or carbon nanotubes. The oscillators may be beveled to allow the tips to operate in close proximity or in contact without interference of the oscillators. The disclosure of the present invention is discussed in terms of an atomic force (van der Waalls) interaction.

Abstract: A caliper atomic force microscope (AFM) comprises two AFM probes that operate on a sample in a coordinated manner. The coordinated operation of the AFM probes may be spatially or temporally coordinated. The result of the coordinated operation may be an image of the sample or a dimensional measurement of an unknown sample. The probes of the caliper AFM may be tilted to access vertical sample surfaces or to touch each other. The disclosure of the present invention is discussed in terms of an atomic force (van der Waalls) interaction. Other interaction forces are contemplated, such as electrostatic force, magnetic force, and tunneling current.

Abstract: A method of creating a package with reclosable resealable flaps. The package is defined by a blank formed by die cutting a continuous web or sheet of material after ink and a release coating have been applied to one side of the web but on different areas. The blank, when folded, provides a structure with a rectangular cross-section having four planar sides, each side with extending flaps. A package is formed by closing and securing the flaps on the bottom end of the structure using a permanent adhesive. The package is then filled with product. One top outer flap can have a release coating applied to an area which will be engaged by the opposite flap when closed. This release coating, in combination with a repositionable adhesive, will cause the opposed flaps to releasably adhere one another to secure and seal the top opening. Repositionable adhesive can also be applied, either to the release coating itself, or to the surface opposite the release coating to the seal.

Abstract: Product information label system having a base member and a foldout medical information pamphlet which is applied to medicinal and drug containers where the foldout pamphlet is resealable for subsequent use.

Abstract: Product information label system having a base member and a foldout medical information pamphlet which is applied to medicinal and drug containers where the foldout pamphlet is resealable for subsequent use.