Abstract: There is provided a buoyancy system for a structure having at least one component being substantially stationary with respect to the bottom of a water covered area. The system comprises a set of buoyancy modules of engineered materials to apply an identified amount of buoyancy. The set of buoyancy modules is attached to the structure at a set of buoyancy load transfer locations. The set of buoyancy modules comprises layers of the engineered materials. The engineered materials comprise a substantially reinforced axial layer, a substantially reinforced hoop layer; and a leak prevention layer.

Abstract: There is provided a buoyancy system for a structure having at least one component being substantially stationary with respect to the bottom of a water covered area. The system comprises a set of buoyancy modules of engineered materials to apply an identified amount of buoyancy. The set of buoyancy modules is attached to the structure at a set of buoyancy load transfer locations. The set of buoyancy modules comprises layers of the engineered materials. The engineered materials comprise a substantially reinforced axial layer, a substantially reinforced hoop layer; and a leak prevention layer.

Abstract: There is provided a buoyancy system for a structure having at least one component being substantially stationary with respect to the bottom of a water covered area. The system comprises a set of buoyancy modules of engineered materials to apply an identified amount of buoyancy. The set of buoyancy modules is attached to the structure at a set of buoyancy load transfer locations. The set of buoyancy modules comprises layers of the engineered materials. The engineered materials comprise a substantially reinforced axial layer, a substantially reinforced hoop layer; and a leak prevention layer.

Abstract: A system for supporting one end of a riser or other elongate element from a marine structure. In the preferred embodiment, a plurality of gas springs are symmetrically disposed about the upper end of a riser. The axis of compression of each gas spring is parallel to the axis of the riser. One end of each gas spring is secured to the riser and the other end of each gas spring is secured to the marine structure. Relative motion between the riser and marine structure along the riser axis is accommodated by contraction or extension of the gas springs. A gas reservoir can be provided to reduce pressure changes as the gas springs extend and contract. This reduces changes in the loading applied to the riser as the marine structure moves relative to the ocean bottom.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is described for introducing and removing TFL tools from a subsea wellhead assembly. The apparatus includes an elongate member adapted to hold at least one TFL tool, docking hubs for aligning the elongate member with the wellhead, a clamping mechanism or the like for engaging the elongate member with the wellhead and a circulation for circulating fluid within the elongate member and the wellhead to transport the TFL tool between the elongate member and the wellhead. In another embodiment, the apparatus includes at least two elongate members and a diverter located between the elongate members and the clamping mechanism. The diverter permits alternate fluid communication between each elongate member and the wellhead assembly.

Abstract: A fluid control system 10 and selector valve 24 for use therein, for controlling a plurality of fluid actuated elements 12, such as valve operators. The fluid actuated elements are controlled from an operating station 52, which is located remotely from the fluid actuated elements 12. Instructions regarding which of the fluid actuated elements 12 it is desired to operate are transmitted by coded signal from the operating station 52 to the selector valve 24, which is positioned proximate the fluid actuated elements 12. The coded signal is transmitted in binary form through a plurality of code input lines 30, each code input line carrying one binary digit of the code. Each of the fluid actuated elements 12 is represented by a corresponding binary code.