Abstract: A state of battery testing system is disclosed which includes a charger, a load to be coupled across the battery's positive and negative terminals, a processer adapted to apply a predetermined voltage pulse across the battery's positive and negative terminals, apply the load to the battery, measure and log current through the load as Iexp, and establish a model based on establishing an initial estimation of state of the battery (?0), and establishing a modeled state of battery (?i) based on a plurality of internal parameters of the battery. The model is adapted to output a model current through the load, inputting ?0 and the plurality of internal parameters of the model to thereby generate Imodel, generate an objective function (f) based on a comparison of Imodel and Iexp, and iteratively optimize ?i, and output ?optimal based on the iterations.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for modeling the amount of current discharged by a battery is provided. The method is implemented by a computing device communicatively coupled with a memory, and includes generating, by the computing device, a model of at least one battery cell comprising a positive electrode region, a negative electrode region, and a separator region. The method also includes transforming the positive electrode region, the negative electrode region, and the separator region of the battery into a single region in the model. In addition, the method includes generating, by the computing device, a plurality of trial functions associated with the single region, and determining, by the computing device, the amount of current discharged from the battery cell based on the trial functions.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for modeling the amount of current discharged by a battery is provided. The method is implemented by a computing device communicatively coupled with a memory, and includes generating, by the computing device, a model of at least one battery cell comprising a positive electrode region, a negative electrode region, and a separator region. The method also includes transforming the positive electrode region, the negative electrode region, and the separator region of the battery into a single region in the model. In addition, the method includes generating, by the computing device, a plurality of trial functions associated with the single region, and determining, by the computing device, the amount of current discharged from the battery cell based on the trial functions.

Abstract: A fishing lure is described which has a body resembling a fish of prey, and having two spinners attached to the body and extending forwardly from the body, such that the lure resembles a fish chasing after a prey of its own. Predator fish are known to take advantage of another fish being distracted while preying on a fish or insect, and striking during this distraction. The spinners that are attached to the body must be very efficient and low drag for the lure to operate properly. Each spinner has a rectangular planar body with a center axis, and portions extending to either side of the center axis. The portions to either side have leading and trailing portions which are alternately bent upwardly and downwardly. These upwardly and downwardly bent portions are bent a constant amount across the leading and trailing edges, creating more spinning action for a constant drag, or a lower drag for a constant spinning action.

Abstract: Transgenic animals and cells are provided that comprise an imaging marker transgene. The imaging marker is expressed on the cell surface, and is capable of binding at high affinity a radiolabeled hapten that provides a signal useful in emission computed tomography. A preferred imaging marker is an antibody fragment, e.g. a single chain variable region (scFv). Radiolabeled haptens of interest include metal chelates, and may also include radiolabled small molecules. The animals or cells are monitored in vivo by administering the radiolabeled hapten, and localizing expression through SPECT or PET acquisition and reconstruction.