Abstract: Dynamic refresh rate (DRR) switching is used to dynamically update a refresh rate of content presented on an interface. When a first application and a second application are presented on a user interface at a first refresh rate; a request may be received to temporarily boost the first refresh rate to a second, higher, refresh rate. DRR switching is initiated as the first refresh rate is temporarily boosted to a second refresh rate. Applications that are opted in to the second refresh rate receive signals to refresh content at the second refresh rate, while applications that are not opted in to the second refresh rate receive signals to refresh content at a virtualized refresh rate that matches the first refresh rate. Thus, the first application refreshes content at the first refresh rate and the second application refreshes content at the second, higher refresh rate, providing a smooth user experience without unnecessarily utilizing power consumption.

Abstract: A spectrometer focusing apparatus is provided that includes a hollow cylinder for x-rays to traverse a length thereof, a defracting element configured as a ring on an interior circumference of a portion of the hollow cylinder, at least one disk having an edge defining a circle aligned with the defracting element, and an aperture formed between the defracting element and the edge of the at least one disk.