Abstract: A method of improving the health of a first group of young monogastric mammals, the first group of young monogastric mammals nursing from a first lactating monogastric mammal during a pre-weaning period, the method including feeding the first lactating monogastric mammal an effective amount of an animal feed during the pre-weaning period, and feeding the first lactating monogastric mammal an effective amount of sugar alcohol during the pre-weaning period.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of determining energy balance in individuals such as exercising individuals, individuals consuming a 13C-enriched test composition and individuals consuming a fixed diet with a known ?13C. The ?13C pre- and post-exercise, or pre- and post-consumption of the test beverage or fixed diet indicate whether the individual is in neutral or positive energy balance, or in energy deficit. The methods are particularly useful for individuals participating in weight management programs, and individuals under the care of health care professionals.

Abstract: Prime movers are provided that can include: a pair of cylindrical members about a center rod, a fixed member about the center rod between the pair of cylindrical members; wherein the pair of cylindrical members rotate with the center rod in relation to the fixed member; a housing extending between the cylindrical members; and a plurality of chambers between the opposing bases of the cylindrical members and the fixed member. Methods for rotating members in relation to a fixed member are also provided. The methods can include rotating a pair of cylindrical members in relation to a fixed member about a center rod along a shared axis within a housing extending between the pair of cylindrical members.

Abstract: Electricity generators are provided that can include: members having opposing bases that include chambers to facilitate the conversion of source energy to mechanical energy with one of the members rotating in relation to another of the members and a housing about the rotating member. Generator components can be operably engaged to the housing and rotating member to generate electricity. Methods for generating electricity are also provided. The methods can include: rotating a first cylindrical member in relation to a fixed second member about a center rod along a shared axis within a housing; and generating electricity between conductive components along both the sidewalls of the first cylindrical member and the housing.

Abstract: A method of improving the health of a first group of young monogastric mammals, the first group of young monogastric mammals nursing from a first lactating monogastric mammal during a pre-weaning period, the method including feeding the first lactating monogastric mammal an effective amount of an animal feed during the pre-weaning period, and feeding the first lactating monogastric mammal an effective amount of sugar alcohol during the pre-weaning period.

Abstract: A method of improving the health of a first group of young monogastric mammals, the first group of young monogastric mammals nursing from a first lactating monogastric mammal during a pre-weaning period, the method including feeding the first lactating monogastric mammal an effective amount of an animal feed during the pre-weaning period, and feeding the first lactating monogastric mammal an effective amount of sugar alcohol during the pre-weaning period.

Abstract: A method of feeding a ruminant that entails providing a feed that comprises sugar alcohol and at least one additional feed component, where the feed is free of rumen-protected fatty acid or comprises less than 10 weight percent rumen-protected fatty acid, based on the total weight of the feed and further entails orally supplying the feed to the ruminant during a pre-partum period when the ruminant is pregnant, where the ruminant ingests the feed and sugar alcohol during the pre-partum period.

Abstract: A method of improving the health of a first group of young monogastric mammals, the first group of young monogastric mammals nursing from a first lactating monogastric mammal during a pre-weaning period, the method including feeding the first lactating monogastric mammal an effective amount of an animal feed during the pre-weaning period, and feeding the first lactating monogastric mammal an effective amount of sugar alcohol during the pre-weaning period.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of determining energy balance in individuals such as exercising individuals, individuals consuming a 13C-enriched test composition and individuals consuming a fixed diet with a known ?13C. The ?13C pre- and post-exercise, or pre- and post-consumption of the test beverage or fixed diet indicate whether the individual is in neutral or positive energy balance, or in energy deficit. The methods are particularly useful for individuals participating in weight management programs, and individuals under the care of health care professionals.

Abstract: A method of improving the health of a first group of young monogastric mammals, the first group of young monogastric mammals nursing from a first lactating monogastric mammal during a pre-weaning period, the method including feeding the first lactating monogastric mammal an effective amount of an animal feed during the pre-weaning period, and feeding the first lactating monogastric mammal an effective amount of sugar alcohol during the pre-weaning period.

Abstract: A method of feeding a ruminant that entails providing a feed that comprises sugar alcohol and at least one additional feed component, where the feed is free of rumen-protected fatty acid or comprises less than 10 weight percent rumen-protected fatty acid, based on the total weight of the feed and further entails orally supplying the feed to the ruminant during a pre-partum period when the ruminant is pregnant, where the ruminant ingests the feed and sugar alcohol during the pre-partum period.

Abstract: A method of improving the health of a first group of young monogastric mammals, the first group of young monogastric mammals nursing from a first lactating monogastric mammal during a pre-weaning period, the method including feeding the first lactating monogastric mammal an effective amount of an animal feed during the pre-weaning period, and feeding the first lactating monogastric mammal an effective amount of sugar alcohol during the pre-weaning period.

Abstract: A method of feeding a ruminant that entails providing a feed that comprises sugar alcohol and at least one additional feed component, where the feed is free of rumen-protected fatty acid or comprises less than 10 weight percent rumen-protected fatty acid, based on the total weight of the feed and further entails orally supplying the feed to the ruminant during a pre-partum period when the ruminant is pregnant, where the ruminant ingests the feed and sugar alcohol during the pre-partum period.

Abstract: The methods described herein are based on the observation that oscillations in breath isotope ratio data can be used for the purpose of identifying an “unhealthy” state in an organism such as a human. Described herein are methods of determining the state of health of an individual, such as the transition from healthy to infected, by identifying changes in oscillation modes in breath isotope ratio data. Changes in the frequency and/or amplitude of the oscillation modes are correlated with the heath of the individual. The methods can advantageously be used to provide information about the health of an individual in shorter periods of time than previous methods.

Abstract: A method of improving the health of a first group of young monogastric mammals, the first group of young monogastric mammals nursing from a first lactating monogastric mammal during a pre-weaning period, the method including feeding the first lactating monogastric mammal an effective amount of an animal feed during the pre-weaning period, and feeding the first lactating monogastric mammal an effective amount of sugar alcohol during the pre-weaning period.

Abstract: The methods described herein are based on the observation that oscillations in breath isotope ratio data can be used for the purpose of identifying an “unhealthy” state in an organism such as a human. Described herein are methods of determining the state of health of an individual, such as the transition from healthy to infected, by identifying changes in oscillation modes in breath isotope ratio data. Changes in the frequency and/or amplitude of the oscillation modes are correlated with the heath of the individual. The methods can advantageously be used to provide information about the health of an individual in shorter periods of time than previous methods.

Abstract: A method of feeding a ruminant that entails providing a feed that comprises sugar alcohol and at least one additional feed component, where the feed is free of rumen-protected fatty acid or comprises less than 10 weight percent rumen-protected fatty acid, based on the total weight of the feed and further entails orally supplying the feed to the ruminant during a pre-partum period when the ruminant is pregnant, where the ruminant ingests the feed and sugar alcohol during the pre-partum period.

Abstract: A method of feeding a ruminant that entails providing a feed that comprises sugar alcohol and at least one additional feed component, where the feed is free of rumen-protected fatty acid or comprises less than 10 weight percent rumen-protected fatty acid, based on the total weight of the feed and further entails orally supplying the feed to the ruminant during a pre-partum period when the ruminant is pregnant, where the ruminant ingests the feed and sugar alcohol during the pre-partum period.

Abstract: The invention is methods and related kits for diagnosing a disease state of cachexia by measuring biomarker profiles from a biological sample. Rapid measurement of early onset or progression of the disease in a subject is determined by measuring biomarker levels from the subject and optionally comparing the biomarker levels to a standard biomarker profile or metabolome phase portrait for the disease. The biomarkers measured in the assay and related kit for cachexia progression include biomarkers selected from the group consisting of lactate, citrate, formate, acetoacetate, 3-hydroxy butrate, alanine, glutamine, glutamate, valine, isoleucine leucine, thrionine, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, phenyl alanine, histidine and tryptophan.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for reserve allocation of event data. A request event is received. The request event is associated with memory storing request event data. Memory for response event data is allocated from a first pool. The response event data is associated with a response, and the response is associated with the request. Upon failure of the allocation of memory for the response event data, memory is obtained for out-of-memory response event data. The out-of-memory response event data is associated with the response event. The request event is completed using the response event.