Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing aqueous solutions of O-alkylhydroxylamine salts. The process involves converting hydroxylamine salts to their O-alkyl derivatives without the isolation of intermediates. More specifically, the process involves three steps. The first step, Step (A), involves forming a ketoxime. The second step, Step (B), involves adding an alkylating agent to the ketoxime formed in Step (A). The third step, Step (C), involves hydrolysing the alkylated ketoxime formed in Step (B) to yield an O-alkylhydroxylamine salt. O-alkylhydroxylamine salts are important intermediates in the preparation of herbicides.

Abstract: Novel aryloxy-nitroanilides of formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl from 1 to 5 carbon atoms or unsubstituted or substituted aryl of from 6 to 10 carbon atoms; one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom and the other is aryloxy, wherein the aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more alkyl of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, with the proviso that when R is methyl, R.sup.1 may not be unsubstituted phenoxy and when R is 2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl, R.sup.2 may not be unsubstituted or chloro or methyl substituted phenoxy, and a method of preparing them. The compounds are suitable as intermediates for the preparation of anilines, required in the preparation of useful photographic and pharmaceutical compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates to two processes for preparing aminoacetonitriles in one vessel under anhydrous conditions. Process I involves the steps of: (A) reacting trimethylsilyl cyanide and an aldehyde in a water miscible amide solvent to obtain a silyl blocked cyanohydrin solution; (B) adding a catalytic amount of water to the silyl blocked cyanohydrin solution from Step (A); and (C) passing ammonia through the solution to obtain an aminoacetonitrile. Process II involves the steps of: (A') reacting trimethylsilyl cyanide with an aldehyde in the absence of solvent to form a silyl blocked cyanohydrin; (B') adding a water miscible amide solvent to the silyl blocked cyanohydrin from Step (A') to obtain a solution; and (C') passing ammonia through the solution to obtain an aminoacetonitrile. Aminoacetonitriles are important intermediates in the preparation of amino acids, thiadiazoles, acylaminoacetonitriles, and imidazole derivatives.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing aminoacetonitriles in one vessel. The process involves the steps of: (A) reacting an alkali metal cyanide with an aldehyde in water to form a cyanohydrin; (B) extracting the cyanohydrin formed in Step (A) into a water immiscible solvent to form a two phase system comprising a water immiscible phase containing the cyanohydrin and an aqueous phase; (C) removing at least 50 weight percent, based on the weight of the water immiscible phase, of the water immiscible solvent from the water immiscible phase thereby concentrating the cyanohydrin; (D) adding a water miscible amide solvent to the concentrated cyanohydrin to form a cyanohydrin solution; and (E) passing ammonia through the cyanohydrin solution to obtain an aminoacetonitrile. Aminoacetonitriles are important intermediates in the preparation of amino acids, thiadiazoles, acylaminoacetonitriles, and imidazole derivatives.

Abstract: Omega-alkanesulfonoxyalkanamides which are useful as alkylating agents are provided. Such alkylating agents are particularly useful for appending groups of the formula --Y--CONR.sup.8 R.sup.9 wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted trimethylene, tetramethylene, or pentamethylene; and R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are hydrogen or various hydrocarbyl radicals onto electrophilic sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen moieties.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of omega-arylthioalkanamides, especially omega-imidazolylthioalkanamides useful, for example, in the preparation of certain antihypercholesterolemic agents is disclosed. The method involves three steps including an addition reaction between a lactone and an amine to produce an omega-hydroxyalkanamide; a condensation reaction between said omega-hydroxyalkanamide and an alkanesulfonic acid halide or anhydride to produce an alkanesulfonate ester; reaction of said alkanesulfonate ester with a salt of an aromatic mercaptan, especially an imidazole-2-thiol, to produce the omega-imidazolylthioalkanamides.

Abstract: A photographic yellow dye-forming coupler is represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;ball is a ballast group of such size and configuration as to render the coupler nondiffusible in a photographic element;Y is CO, PO.sub.3 or SO.sub.2 ;X is an aryloxy coupling-off group; andn is 1 or, when Y is PO.sub.3, n is 2.Such a coupler is useful in a color photographic silver halide element and process to provide improved activity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for reducing a nitro group substituent on an aromatic compound to an amino group and is characterized by treatment of the compound in the presence of iron or zinc and a halogen-containing aliphatic carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A photographic element is described which contains a pyrazolone color coupler compound which provides a dye having improved fastness to light and improved resistance to yellowing when compared with prior known coupler compounds.

Abstract: Novel pyrazolone photographic couplers contain in the coupling position a coupling-off group represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein: L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 individually are unsubstituted or substituted methylene or ethylene;m and n individually are 0 or 1;Y is R.sub.1 or ZR.sub.2 ;R.sub.1 is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heterocyclic group, or is a secondary or tertiary carbon group represented by ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are selected from the group consisting of halogen, R.sub.2 and Z.sub.1 R.sub.b ; wherein Z is O, S, or NR.sub.a ; Z.sub.1 is O, S, or NR.sub.c ; and R.sub.2 is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic group. R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.a, R.sub.b and R.sub.c are as defined in the specification. R.sub.3 optionally joins together with at least one of R.sub.4 and R.sub.

Abstract: Novel photographic acetanilide dye-forming couplers comprise a group comprising a stabilizer moiety represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2 is halogen or alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or alkoxy; R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are individually alkyl; ##STR2## R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are individually hydrogen or alkyl; R.sup.10 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; and X is a linking group. Such couplers provide advantageous stability in dyes formed from the couplers. These couplers are useful in photographic silver halide materials and processes.

Abstract: Pyrazolo[3,2-c]-s-triazole dye-forming couplers containing in the 6-position a substituted or unsubstituted tertiary alkyl group and in the 3-position a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group in photographic materials and processes provide dyes of improved light stability. These couplers are particularly useful in combination with alkoxybenzene dye image stabilizers.

Abstract: Novel photographic acetanilide dye-forming couplers comprise a group comprising a stabilizer moiety represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is halogen or alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or alkoxy; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are individually alkyl; and, X is a linking group. Such couplers provide advantageous stability in dyes formed from the couplers. These couplers are useful in photographic silver halide materials and processes.