Abstract: Perhalogenated dioxoles, halogenated dioxolanes, a process for making the dioxoles and dioxolanes, and polymers of dioxole and dioxolane monomers.

Abstract: Vinyl ether monomers of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 0 or 1 and R is CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5, precursors thereto, and copolymers with, e.g., tetrafluoroethylene, are provided. The copolymers are useful as electrical insulation and as the sheath portion of optical fibers, and can be converted to known ion exchange polymers having carboxylic groups which are useful, e.g., in the form of permionic membrane for separating the compartments of a chloralkali cell. The vinyl ether monomers can also be converted to vinyl ether monomers which contain carboxylate functional groups, which in turn can be copolymerized to useful copolymers.

Abstract: Fluorinated ion exchange polymers which have pendant side chains which contain --OCF.sub.2 COOR groups, or which have both pendant side chains containing carboxylic groups and pendant side chains which contain sulfonyl groups, when used in the form of membranes to separate the anode and cathode compartments of an electrolysis cell, permit operation at high current efficiency. Those containing both carboxylic and sulfonyl groups can be made by oxidation of fluorinated polymers which have pendant side chains containing sulfinic groups, or both sulfinic and sulfonyl groups. The fluorinated polymers which have pendant side chains containing sulfinic groups, or both sulfinic and sulfonyl groups, are in turn made from fluorinated polymers which have pendant side chains containing sulfonyl halide groups by reduction with, for example, hydrazine. Those polymers which have only pendant side chains which contain --OCF.sub.

Abstract: Vinyl ether monomers of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 0 or 1 and R is CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5, precursors thereto, and copolymers with, e.g., tetrafluoroethylene, are provided. The copolymers are useful as electrical insulation and as the sheath portion of optical fibers, and can be converted to known ion exchange polymers having carboxylic groups which are useful, e.g., in the form of permionic membrane for separating the compartments of a chloralkali cell. The vinyl ether monomers can also be converted to vinyl ether monomers which contain carboxylate functional groups, which in turn can be copolymerized to useful copolymers.

Abstract: Perhalogenated dioxoles, halogenated dioxolanes, a process for making the dioxoles and dioxolanes, and polymers of dioxole and dioxolane monomers.

Abstract: Fluorinated ion exchange polymers which have pendant side chains which contain ##STR1## groups wherein W is F or CF.sub.3, and R is an ionizable group, or which have such pendant side chains and also pendant side chains which contain sulfonyl groups, when used in the form of membranes to separate the anode and cathode compartments of an electrolysis cell, permit operation at high current efficiency. They can be made by copolymerization of a mixture of monomers, one of which is a vinyl monomer which contains the indicated carboxylic functional group.

Abstract: Vinyl ether monomers of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 0 or 1 and R is CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5, precursors thereto, and copolymers with, e.g., tetrafluoroethylene, are provided. The copolymers are useful as electrical insulation and as the sheath portion of optical fibers, and can be converted to known ion exchange polymers having carboxylic groups which are useful, e.g., in the form of permionic membrane for separating the compartments of a chloralkali cell. The vinyl ether monomers can also be converted to vinyl ether monomers which contain carboxylate functional groups, which in turn can be copolymerized to useful copolymers.

Abstract: Vinyl ether monomers derived from diesters of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and n is 0 to 10; copolymers of the vinyl ether monomers with one or more selected perfluorinated monoolefins; articles of manufacture made from the copolymers; process for making the diesters; process for using copolymer membranes in a chlor-alkali cell.

Abstract: Solutions are disclosed with solvents having completely halogenated, saturated, hydrocarbon backbones and solubility parameters within a particular range. Preferred solvent have at least one ether linkage. An exemplary solvent is ##STR1## wherein X is F, Cl, Br, and I; n is 0, 1, and 2; m is 1, 2, and 3; and Y is COOCH.sub.3 and SO.sub.2 F. The solutions include perfluorinated copolymers having high equivalent weight which have been prepared from tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorinated sulfonyl fluoride- or carboxyl-containing vinyl monomers.

Abstract: Vinyl ether monomers derived from diesters of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and n is 0 to 10; copolymers of the vinyl ether monomers with one or more selected perfluorinated monoolefins; articles of manufacture made from the copolymers; process for making the diesters; process for using copolymer membranes in a chlor-alkali cell.

Abstract: An ion exchange membrane which comprises a layer of fluorinated polymer which has carboxylic functional groups, a second layer of fluorinated polymer which has sulfonic or carboxylic functional groups at a surface layer, and a web of support material therein, and which has channels in the membrane which extend from window areas of the membrane to blind areas of the membrane occluded by members of the support material, is described. Precursor membrane which contains both reinforcement members and sacrificial members, and from which the ion exchange membrane is made, is also described. The ion exchange membrane can be used to separate the compartments of a chloralkali cell, and such a cell operates at low voltage, high current efficiency, and low power consumption.

Abstract: Perhalogenated dioxoles, halogenated dioxolanes, a process for making the dioxoles and dioxolanes, and polymers of dioxole and dioxolane monomers.

Abstract: Solutions and membranes formed therefrom are disclosed with solvents having completely halogenated, saturated, hydrocarbon backbones and solubility parameters within a particular range. Preferred solvent have at least one ether linkage. An exemplary solvent is ##STR1## wherein X is F, Cl, Br, and I; n is 0, 1, and 2; m is 1, 2, and 3; and Y is COOCH.sub.3 and SO.sub.2 F. The solutions include perfluorinated copolymers having high equivalent weight which have been prepared from tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorinated sulfonyl fluoride- or carboxyl-containing vinyl monomers.

Abstract: Vinyl ether monomers derived from diesters of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and n is 0 to 10; copolymers of the vinyl ether monomers with one or more selected perfluorinated monoolefins; articles of manufacture made from the copolymers; process for making the diesters; process for using copolymer membranes in a chlor-alkali cell.

Abstract: Process for making alkyl-.omega.-fluoroformyl esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 3, by reacting the methyl or ethyl ester of trifluoropyruvic acid with hexafluoropropene oxide in the presence of fluoride ion catalyst, in an aprotic liquid medium; and the ester wherein n=0.

Abstract: A process for extracting a fluorinated polymer which contains carboxylic ester functional groups with a liquid compound which is preferably a perchlorofluorocarbon having a boiling point in the range of 30.degree. to 125.degree. C. is described. Polymer so extracted can be fabricated into a membrane and hydrolyzed to ion exchange form to provide a membrane for electrolytic cells. When used as the membrane for a chloralkali cell, such membrane provides improved performance, e.g., a high level of current efficiency and low power consumption are maintained for an extended period of time when compared against a membrane of like construction fabricated from polymer which has not been so extracted.

Abstract: Solutions are disclosed with solvents having completely halogenated, saturated, hydrocarbon backbones and solubility parameters within a particular range. Preferred solvent have at least one ether linkage. An exemplary solvent is ##STR1## wherein X is F, Cl, Br, and I; n is 0, 1, and 2; m is 1, 2, and 3; and Y is COOCH.sub.3 and SO.sub.2 F. The solutions include perfluorinated copolymers having high equivalent weight which have been prepared from tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorinated sulfonyl fluoride- or carboxyl-containing vinyl monomers.

Abstract: Improved process for making an alkyl perfluoro(4,7-dioxa-5-methyl-8-fluoroformylnonanoate) from hexafluorpropylene oxide and either a monoalkyl difluoromalonyl fluoride or an alkyl perfloro(4-oxa-5-fluoroformylhexanoate) in the presence of fluoride ion catalyst which comprises carrying out the reaction in the presence of a medium consisting essentially of two aprotic liquids, one of the liquids in major proportion and being a poor solvent for methyl perfluoro(4-oxa-5-fluoroformylhexanoate), and the other liquid in minor proportion, being a good solvent for the same compound and being a solvent for the fluoride ion catalyst to the extent of at least 0.001% by weight at 20.degree. C. The product is an intermediate to a valuable fluorinated comonomer used for making fluorinated ion exchange resins.

Abstract: Diesters of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and n is 0 to 10; vinyl ether monomers derived therefrom; copolymers of the vinyl ether monomers with one or more selected perfluorinated monoolefins; articles of manufacture made from the copolymers; process for making the diesters; process for using copolymer membranes in a chlor-alkali cell.

Abstract: Fluorinated ion exchange polymers which have pendant side chains which contain --OCF.sub.2 COOR groups, or which have both pendant side chains containing carboxylic groups and pendant side chains which contain sulfonyl groups, when used in the form of membranes to separate the anode and cathode compartments of an electrolysis cell, permit operation at high current efficiency. Those containing both carboxylic and sulfonyl groups can be made by oxidation of fluorinated polymers which have pendant side chains containing sulfinic groups, or both sulfinic and sulfonyl groups. The fluorinated polymers which have pendant side chains containing sulfinic groups, or both sulfinic and sulfonyl groups, are in turn made from fluorinated polymers which have pendant side chains containing sulfonyl halide groups by reduction with, for example, hydrazine. Those polymers which have only pendant side chains which contain --OCF.sub.