Abstract: This invention relates to a target which is towed by an aircraft to simulate the approach of an aircraft, missile or similar threat to a Defence System, to provide realistic practice for the Defence System. In accordance with this invention there is provided a target that is connected by a cable to a tow aircraft and towed by the aircraft toward a Defence System at a low approach altitude. The target has flight surfaces that, in combination with the mass of the target, cause the target to be towed at a substantially lower altitude than the tow aircraft. This allows direct ground or sea skimming approach by the target as the tow aircraft overflys the Defence System. The target is provided with a cable release means that releases the target at a predetermined safety range, whereupon the cable rises to a free streaming height and clears the Defence System.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing catalyst contains nickel, phosphorus and about 19 to about 21.5 weight percent of molybdenum (MoO.sub.3) components on a porous refractory oxide. The catalyst has a narrow pore size distribution wherein at least 75 percent of the pore volume is in pores of diameter from about 50 to about 110 angstroms, at least 10 percent of the pore volume in pores of diameter less than 70 angstroms and at least 60 percent of the pore volume in pores of diameter within about 20 angstroms above or below the average pore diameter. The catalyst is employed to hydroprocess a hydrocarbon oil, especially those oils containing sulfur and nitrogen components.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing catalyst contains nickel, phosphorus and about 19 to about 21.5 weight percent of molybdenum (MoO.sub.3) components on a porous refractory oxide. The catalyst has a narrow pore size distribution wherein at least 75 percent of the pore volume is in pores of diameter from about 50 to about 110 angstroms, at least 10 percent of the pore volume in pores of diameter less than 70 angstroms and at least 60 percent of the pore volume in pores of diameter within about 20 angstroms above or below the average pore diameter. The catalyst is employed to hydroprocess a hydrocarbon oil, especially those oils containing sulfur and nitrogen components.

Abstract: Oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts suitable for converting C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 mono-olefins to conjugated dienes comprise vanadium, phosphorus, and alkali metal components, and preferably also a tin component, in combination with a microporous crystalline silica or a crystalline zeolite having a silica-to-alumina ratio of at least 6.0. In one embodiment, the catalyst has a surface area between 30 M.sup.2 /g to 450 M.sup.2 /g and the vanadium has an average valence in the range of from 3.50 to 4.95.

Abstract: High surface area oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts which are suitable for converting C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 mono-olefins to diolefins are disclosed, comprising the oxides of an alkali metal, vanadium, phosphorus, and preferably tin in combination with a crystalline silica having a surface area between 30 M.sup.2 /g to 450 M.sup.2 /g and wherein the vanadium has an average valence in the range of from 3.5 to 4.95.

Abstract: Oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts suitable for converting C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 mono-olefins to conjugated dienes comprise vanadium, phosphorus, and alkali metal components, and preferably also a tin component, in combination with a microporous crystalline silica or a crystalline zeolite having a silica-to-alumina ratio of at least 6.0. In one embodiment, the catalyst has a surface area between 30 M.sup.2 /g to 450 M.sup.2 /g and the vanadium has an average valence in the range of from 3.50 to 4.95.

Abstract: Large surface area oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts which are suitable for converting C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 mono-olefins to conjugated dienes are disclosed, comprising the oxides of vanadium, phosphorus, tin and potassium in combination with hydrogen mordenite having a surface area between 30 M.sup.2 /g to 450 M.sup.2 /g and wherein the vanadium has an average valence in the range of from 3.5 to 4.95.

Abstract: A loop retention device for hook operated bomb arming solenoids (13) in which when effecting unarmed release a telescopic plunger (4-6) is displaced by spring means (14) when the bomb release hooks (3) move including the armature (12) of the solenoid (13) which is de-energized to completely release a lanyard, but when a bomb is to be armed the solenoid (13) remains energized and the telescopic member (4-6) acts to lock the armature (12) of the solenoid (13) and the release control pin (2) in a holding position irrespective of whether the solenoid (13) is energized or not.

Abstract: High surface area oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts which are suitable for converting C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 monoolefins to diolefins are disclosed, comprising the oxides of an alkali metal, vanadium, phosphorus, potassium and tin in combination with a crystalline silica having a surface area between 30 M.sup.2 /g to 450 M.sup.2 /g and wherein the vanadium has an average valence in the range of from 3.5 to 4.95.

Abstract: Large surface area oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts which are suitable for converting C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 monoolefins to conjugated dienes are disclosed, comprising the oxides of vanadium, phosphorus, tin and potassium in combination with hydrogen mordenite having a surface area between 30 M.sup.2 /g to 450 M.sup.2 /g and wherein the vanadium has an average valence in the range of from 3.5 to 4.95.

Abstract: A thermochemical cyclic process for the production of hydrogen exploits the reaction between sodium manganate (NaMnO.sub.2) and titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) to form sodium titanate (Na.sub.2 TiO.sub.3), manganese (II) titanate (MnTiO.sub.3) and oxygen. The titanate mixture is treated with sodium hydroxide, in the presence of steam, to form sodium titanate, sodium manganate (III), water and hydrogen. The sodium titanate-manganate (III) mixture is treated with water to form sodium manganate (III), titanium dioxide and sodium hydroxide. Sodium manganate (III) and titanium dioxide are recycled following dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water.

Abstract: A thermochemical cyclic process for the production of hydrogen exploits the reaction between sodium manganate (NaMnO.sub.2) and titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) to form sodium titanate (Na.sub.2 TiO.sub.3), manganese (II) titanate (MnTiO.sub.3) and oxygen. The titanate mixture is treated with sodium hydroxide, in the presence of steam, to form sodium titanate, sodium manganate (III), water and hydrogen. The sodium titanate-manganate (III) mixture is treated with water to form sodium manganate (III), titanium dioxide and sodium hydroxide. Sodium manganate (III) and titanium dioxide are recycled following dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water.

Abstract: A thermochemical cyclic process for producing hydrogen from water comprises reacting ceric oxide with monobasic or dibasic alkali metal phosphate to yield a solid reaction product, oxygen and water. The solid reaction product, alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate, and water, are reacted to yield hydrogen, ceric oxide, carbon dioxide and trialkali metal phosphate. Ceric oxide is recycled. Trialkali metal phosphate, carbon dioxide and water are reacted to yield monobasic or dibasic alkali metal phosphate and alkali metal bicarbonate, which are recycled. The cylic process can be modified for producing carbon monoxide from carbon dioxide by reacting the alkali metal cerous phosphate and alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate in the absence of water to produce carbon monoxide, ceric oxide, carbon dioxide and trialkali metal phosphate. Carbon monoxide can be converted to hydrogen by the water gas shift reaction.