Abstract: A device and method are provided for interrupting power to a branch circuit and connected load. The device includes a first ground fault (GF) sensor for monitoring a first leakage current across line conductor(s) and grounding conductor of the branch, which ignores leakage current across the grounding conductor, and a second GF sensor for monitoring a second leakage current of the load from the line conductor(s), which takes into account leakage current across the grounding conductor. A processor(s) detects for a GF on the branch circuit based on the first leakage current monitored by the first GF sensor; detects for a GF at the load due to excessive leakage current based on the second leakage current and an allowable/acceptable amount of leakage current for the load; and controls an interruption of power to the branch circuit if the GF on the branch circuit or at the load is detected.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing ground fault detection in HVAC and other types of equipment allow an appropriate or safe level of grounding conductor leakage current from the equipment while at the same time providing let-go current protection for branch circuit conductors feeding the equipment. In some embodiments, the systems and methods herein are implemented in the form of a ground fault interrupting system that is specifically designed to operate outdoors, and may be installed at the equipment outlet disconnect device typically mounted on an exterior wall near the equipment. In some embodiments, the ground fault interrupting system incorporates the outlet disconnect device therein. In either case, the ability of the ground fault interrupting system to be located outdoors near the equipment allows technicians to more easily install, access, and service the ground fault interrupting system compared to an indoor arrangement.

Abstract: A highly stable acidifed formula of Crotoxin comprising saline and benzalkonium chloride, and optionally Thiamine, is disclosed that facilitates the therapeutic use of Crotoxin. Also disclosed is a method of preparing a highly stable formula of Crotoxin.

Abstract: A circuit breaker can include a housing configured to fit within a slot of a circuit panel and a display configured to display information. The display can include a touch zone configured to allow touch inputs, a variable image zone configured to display trip information, status information, and/or label information, and a fixed image zone configured to display fixed text that is at least partially coincident with the touch zone. Certain embodiments can include a remotely operated circuit breaker with thermal, magnetic, ground fault and arc fault protection.

Abstract: A circuit breaker can include a housing configured to fit within a slot of a circuit panel and a display configured to display information. The display can include a touch zone configured to allow touch inputs, and a variable image zone configured to display information and at least partially coincident with the touch zone. The circuit breaker can also include a logic module operatively connected to the touch zone to receive the touch inputs, and operatively connected to the variable image zone to display information thereon based on the one or more touch inputs.

Abstract: A breast pump system comprises at least one wearable milk collection hub connected via an air line to a combined external air pump and control unit. Each milk collection hub comprises: (a) a breast shield made up of a breast flange and a nipple tunnel; (b) a flexible diaphragm that is configured to prevent milk from reaching the external air pump; (c) an outer shell that is configured to removably attach to the breast shield, such that, when attached, the breast shield and outer shell form a vessel for collecting milk; and (d) a diaphragm cap that is configured to be secured over the diaphragm, forms part of the front face of the outer shell, and includes a port connected to the air line.

Abstract: A breast pump system comprises at least one wearable milk collection hub connected via an air line to a combined external air pump and control unit. Each milk collection hub comprises: (a) a breast shield made up of a breast flange and a nipple tunnel; (b) a flexible diaphragm that is configured to prevent milk from reaching the external air pump; (c) an outer shell that is configured to removably attach to the breast shield, such that, when attached, the breast shield and outer shell form a vessel for collecting milk; and (d) a diaphragm cap that is configured to be secured over the diaphragm, forms part of the front face of the outer shell, and includes a port connected to the air line.

Abstract: A breast pump system comprises at least one wearable milk collection hub connected via an air line to a combined external air pump and control unit. Each milk collection hub comprises: (a) a breast shield made up of a breast flange and a nipple tunnel; (b) a flexible diaphragm that is configured to prevent milk from reaching the external air pump; (c) an outer shell that is configured to removably attach to the breast shield, such that, when attached, the breast shield and outer shell form a vessel for collecting milk; and (d) a diaphragm cap that is configured to be secured over the diaphragm, forms part of the front face of the outer shell, and includes a port connected to the air line.

Abstract: A breast pump system comprises at least one wearable milk collection hub connected via an air line to a combined external air pump and control unit. Each milk collection hub comprises: (a) a breast shield made up of a breast flange and a nipple tunnel; (b) a flexible diaphragm that is configured to prevent milk from reaching the external air pump; (c) an outer shell that is configured to removably attach to the breast shield, such that, when attached, the breast shield and outer shell form a vessel for collecting milk; and (d) a diaphragm cap that is configured to be secured over the diaphragm, forms part of the front face of the outer shell, and includes a port connected to the air line.

Abstract: A passive milk collection device for storing milk comprises a flexible inner member including a nipple hole for receiving a nipple, and in which, in use, part of the rear surface of the inner member is configured to securely seal onto a user's breast. The device includes a removable rigid outer member configured to attach onto the front surface of the inner member and to provide a free air space around the nipple area for storing milk from the nipple. The circumference of the outer edge of the rear surface of the flexible inner member is substantially larger than the circumference of the rigid outer member.

Abstract: An arc fault detection system samples a high frequency signal on a power line sequentially at different frequency regions according to a frequency hopping sequence, which is repeated a number of times over a predefined period. The different frequency regions include at least one region with a carrier for power line communication on the power line and at least one region without a carrier for power line communication on the power line. The system obtains energy measurements for each frequency region based on the sampled signals, computes an energy level for each frequency region based on the measurements for each region, and assigns a binary value to each region according to the corresponding energy level. The binary value represents a presence or absence of signal content in the frequency region. The system determines a presence or absence of an arc fault based on the binary values for the frequency regions.

Abstract: An arc fault detection system samples a high frequency signal on a power line sequentially at different frequency regions according to a frequency hopping sequence, which is repeated a number of times over a predefined period. The different frequency regions include at least one region with a carrier for power line communication on the power line and at least one region without a carrier for power line communication on the power line. The system obtains energy measurements for each frequency region based on the sampled signals, computes an energy level for each frequency region based on the measurements for each region, and assigns a binary value to each region according to the corresponding energy level. The binary value represents a presence or absence of signal content in the frequency region. The system determines a presence or absence of an arc fault based on the binary values for the frequency regions.

Abstract: Provided herein are multi-layered protective coverings, wearable multi-layered protective devices, and methods of using the multi-layered protective coverings and wearable multi-layered protective devices.

Abstract: An arc fault detection system samples a high frequency signal on a power line sequentially at different frequency regions according to a frequency hopping sequence, which is repeated a number of times over a predefined period. The different frequency regions include at least one region with a carrier for power line communication on the power line and at least one region without a carrier for power line communication on the power line. The system obtains energy measurements for each frequency region based on the sampled signals, computes an energy level for each frequency region based on the measurements for each region, and assigns a binary value to each region according to the corresponding energy level. The binary value represents a presence or absence of signal content in the frequency region. The system determines a presence or absence of an arc fault based on the binary values for the frequency regions.

Abstract: A modular monitoring and control system for NEMA-style load center smart electrical distribution panels is built up from interconnectable modules, starting with a Base Unit for monitoring and reporting on select branch circuits, then adding a Control Module for Remotely Operated breakers or additional current monitoring or both; and/or adding a separate Expansion Module with Current Transformer expansion capabilities for adding a larger number of power monitors within the load center. The modules plug into breaker pole slots within the panel for ease of installation and are independent of the breakers. The system keeps initial smart panel costs low by placing monitoring and control functionality and required parts into add-on modules.

Abstract: A method of establishing, and recording, the cause of a power interruption to the load in solenoid-operated electronic miniature circuit breakers of various types without extensive digital resources is presented. In some designs of electronic miniature circuit breakers a circuit breaker trip event will change the inductance of the trip solenoid. This change will take place for an electronic trip or a mechanical trip. A record of the electronic trip signal issued to the solenoid will be present to check against and differentiate the occurrence of an electronic trip from a mechanical trip. The mechanical trip occurs without the electronics and is also indicated by the change in inductance. Thereby, the cause of the power interruption can be determined, recorded and reported.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for carrying skis are disclosed. The skis are encircled with a strap to form a bundle. The bundle is releasably attached to a belt or bandolier worn by a person. The strap carries an engagement member, and the belt or bandolier carrying a holder with which the engagement member is adapted releasably to engage.

Abstract: An arc fault detection system samples a high frequency signal on a power line sequentially at different frequency regions according to a frequency hopping sequence, which is repeated a number of times over a predefined period. The different frequency regions include at least one region with a carrier for power line communication on the power line and at least one region without a carrier for power line communication on the power line. The system obtains energy measurements for each frequency region based on the sampled signals, computes an energy level for each frequency region based on the measurements for each region, and assigns a binary value to each region according to the corresponding energy level. The binary value represents a presence or absence of signal content in the frequency region. The system determines a presence or absence of an arc fault based on the binary values for the frequency regions.

Abstract: A modular monitoring and control system for NEMA-style load center smart electrical distribution panels is built up from interconnectable modules, starting with a Base Unit for monitoring and reporting on select branch circuits, then adding a Control Module for Remotely Operated breakers or additional current monitoring or both; and/or adding a separate Expansion Module with Current Transformer expansion capabilities for adding a larger number of power monitors within the load center. The modules plug into breaker pole slots within the panel for ease of installation and are independent of the breakers. The system keeps initial smart panel costs low by placing monitoring and control functionality and required parts into add-on modules.

Abstract: Systems and methods for auto-monitoring a trip solenoid and a switching semiconductor in a circuit breaker comprises determining whether the trip solenoid or the switching semiconductor is open-circuited or otherwise non-operational. The trip solenoid has multiple windings therein and the switching semiconductor has multiple semiconductor switches therein. The circuit breaker automatically performs a designated action if one of the multiple windings or one of the semiconductor switches is determined to be open-circuited or otherwise non-operational. In some embodiments, the circuit breaker is a miniature circuit breaker.