Abstract: A circular bar-code for encoding information regarding at least one of a body or a content of a body is provided. The bar-code encircles a central point and is configured such that the information encoded by the bar-code is readable along a closed line encircling the central point. The circular bar-code may be used for encoding a drug container, wherein the bar-code is located at the front face of the drug container such that the information encoded by the bar-code is readable from a front view to the drug container. The circular bar-code may be applied to an element configured to be attached to the front end of the drug container.

Abstract: A circular bar-code for encoding information regarding at least one of a body or a content of a body is provided. The bar-code encircles a central point and is configured such that the information encoded by the bar-code is readable along a closed line encircling the central point. The circular bar-code may be used for encoding a drug container, wherein the bar-code is located at the front face of the drug container such that the information encoded by the bar-code is readable from a front view to the drug container. The circular bar-code may be applied to an element configured to be attached to the front end of the drug container.

Abstract: A method of marking commercial goods useful for preventing product tampering, particularly suitable for marking pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The method uses a mark with an originality component which has an unencrypted identifier and an encrypted identifier. The purchaser or trader is able to verify the originator or producer of the product by comparing the unencrypted identifier with information obtained by reading and decrypting the encrypted identifier with a public key.