Patents by Inventor Paul S. Raphael

Paul S. Raphael has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

  • Patent number: 4462513
    Abstract: A coin testing apparatus comprises transmitting and receiving coils on opposite sides of a coin passageway. The transmitting coil is connected to high and low frequency oscillators. In the high frequency channel the signal is amplitude controlled by a voltage controlled amplifier rectified by a rectifier and smoothed by a long time-constant circuit. The initial rise in level caused by a coin entering between the coils is detected by an instantaneous level change comparator which responds to the rate of change of signal level at the output of the long time-constant circuit becoming equal to a preset threshold and causes a normally closed switch to be opened. When the switch is closed a comparator compares the signal with a reference value from a source and adjusts the gain of the amplifier until the signal corresponds to the reference value.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 2, 1981
    Date of Patent: July 31, 1984
    Assignee: Mars, Inc.
    Inventors: Robert Dean, Paul S. Raphael