Abstract: According to the invention there is provided a zeolite having a porous structure produced by forming the zeolite on a porous carbon substrate which has been substantially or completely removed, wherein (i) the zeolite was formed on the substrate at a loading of at least 8% by weight and/or (ii) the zeolite has a reinforcing layer.

Abstract: A method of producing a catalyst, comprises the steps of: (a) applying to a template (such as a bio-template) a metal alkoxide or a metal halide; (b) reacting the metal alkoxide or metal halide to form a metal oxide catalyst; and, optionally, (c) removing the template from the metal oxide catalyst of step (b). The resulting biomimetic metal oxide has been found to have excellent catalytic (especially photocatalytic) properties.

Abstract: According to the invention there is provided a zeolite having a porous structure produced by forming the zeolite on a porous carbon substrate which has been substantially or completely removed, wherein (i) the zeolite was formed on the substrate at a loading of at least 8% by weight and/or (ii) the zeolite has a reinforcing layer.

Abstract: A scale inhibition method comprising: (a) injecting a dispersion of seed particles of an insoluble mineral salt in an aqueous medium into a formation through an injection well wherein the seed particles have an equivalent spherical diameter of 100% less than 100 nm, preferably 100% less than 50 nm, more preferably 100% less than 25 nm and the aqueous medium has dissolved therein precipitate precursor ions that form a precipitate of the insoluble mineral salt when contacted with resident ions in the formation; (b) allowing the dispersion to percolate through the subterranean formation towards production well and producing the dispersion from the production well; and (c) controllably precipitating the insoluble mineral salt onto the seed particles so as to reduce the deposition of the insoluble mineral salt onto the walls of the porous formation and/or onto the surface in the production well and/or onto the surface downstream of the production well.

Abstract: Described is a catalyst for the removal of pollutants from the exhaust gases of automotive internal combustion engines wherein the catalyst is alumina doped with cations of two groups of metals M and M? being present in a quantity in the range 10 to 25% by weight of the catalyst and the weight ratio of M:M? lies in the range 0.5-2.0.