Abstract: Process comprising treating a double metal cyanide complex catalyst with sound waves and/or electromagnetic radiation, process for polymerising alkylene oxide in which such catalyst is used, and double metal cyanide complex catalyst which catalyst has been treated with sound waves and/or electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Process comprising treating a double metal cyanide complex catalyst with sound waves and/or electromagnetic radiation, process for polymerising alkylene oxide in which such catalyst is used, and double metal cyanide complex catalyst which catalyst has been treated with sound waves and/or electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A method of forming a trench in the bed of a body of water, the bed having an initial undisturbed upper surface, comprises suspending a pressure line from a vessel floating on the body of water, the pressure line terminating downwardly in a downwardly directed nozzle. The nozzle is positioned a small distance above the bed, and water is pumped under pressure on board the vessel and is discharged via the pressure line and nozzle downwardly against the bed surface with the water pumped at an overpressure between 0.01 bar and 20 bar and at a flow rate of 0.25 to 20.0 cm per second. The distance of the nozzle above the surface of the bed is not more than ten times the diameter of the water jet defined by the nozzle, preferably about six times the diameter of that water jet.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a DMC catalyst useful in the polymerization of alkylene oxides into polyether polyols, which process having the steps of (a combining an aqueous solution of a metal salt with an aqueous solution of a metal salt with an aqueous solution of a metal cyanide salt and reacting these solutions, wherein at least part of this reaction takes place in the presence of an organic complexing agent, thereby forming a dispersion of a solid DMC complex in an aqueous medium; (b) combining the dispersion obtained in step (a) with a liquid, which is essentially insoluble in water and which is capable of extracting the solid DMC complex formed in step (a) from the aqueous medium, and allowing a two-phase system to be formed consisting of a first aqueous layer and a layer containing the DMC complex and the liquid added; (c) removing the first aqueous layer; and (d) recovering the DMC catalyst from the layer containing the DMC catalyst.

Abstract: Process comprising treating a double metal cyanide complex catalyst with sound waves and/or electromagnetic radiation, process for polymerising alkylene oxide in which such catalyst is used, and double metal cyanide complex catalyst which catalyst has been treated with sound waves and/or electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Process comprising treating a double metal cyanide complex catalyst with sound waves and/or electromagnetic radiation, process for polymerising alkylene oxide in which such catalyst is used, and double metal cyanide complex catalyst which catalyst has been treated with sound waves and/or electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Process comprising treating a double metal cyanide complex catalyst with sound waves and/or electromagnetic radiation, process for polymerising alkylene oxide in which such catalyst is used, and double metal cyanide complex catalyst which catalyst has been treated with sound waves and/or electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a DMC catalyst useful in the polymerization of alkylene oxides into polyether polyols, which process comprises the steps of (a) combining an aqueous solution of a metal salt with an aqueous solution of a metal cyanide salt and reacting these solutions, wherein at least part of this reaction takes place in the presence of an organic complexing agent, thereby forming a dispersion of a solid DMC complex in an aqueous medium; (b) combining the dispersion obtained in step (a) with a liquid, which is essentially insoluble in water and which is capable of extracting the solid DMC complex formed in step (a) from the aqueous medium, and allowing a two-phase system to be formed consisting of a first aqueous layer and a layer containing the DMC complex and the liquid added; (c) removing the first aqueous layer; and (d) recovering the DMC catalyst from the layer containing the DMC catalyst.

Abstract: In a method for treating the bed of a body of water by means of a directed water jet, which water jet is moved over the bed (5) in accordance with an elongated path, the water is pumped under pressure on board a vessel (1) and then discharged, via a pressure line (2) connected to said vessel (1), a small distance above, and directed towards the bed (5). With this procedure, a trench (6) can be formed in the bed.

Abstract: Process comprising treating a double metal cyanide complex catalyst with sound waves and/or electromagnetic radiation, process for polymerising alkylene oxide in which such catalyst is used, and double metal cyanide complex catalyst which catalyst has been treated with sound waves and/or electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A device for creating a localized water jet within a body of water allows for the displacement of material from the floor of the body of water. The device includes two powered screws within a jet pipe. The screws are arranged coaxially and their direction of rotation, pitch, and speed of rotation are arranged such that the torque produced by one of the screws tends to counteract the torque produced by the other, allowing for improved control of the device.

Abstract: A bilayer oxide film which comprises a preferably porous layer containing aluminum oxide and a non-porous layer comprising an oxide of a valve metal, e.g. tantalum. The layers are integral. The film is produced by forming a coating of aluminium or an anodizable aluminum alloy on a valve metal (or alloy), anodizing the resulting structure in an electrolyte (preferably one capable of converting the aluminum (or alloy) to a porous oxide film) in the presence of an adhesion-reducing agent (e.g. fluoride ions) that makes the resulting anodized bilayer film easily detachable from the remaining valve metal. The bilayer film is then detached from the valve metal, e.g. by adhering a flexible plastic film to the bilayer and using the film to peel off the bilayer from the valve metal. The resulting bilayer can be used for a variety of purposes, e.g. as a vapor or oxygen barrier useful for packaging, or as a coating containing magnetic particles used to make a magnetic recording medium.

Abstract: A process for producing a released film made of at least two layers, one or more of which has been formed by a vapor deposition technique. The process involves anodizing a metal substrate comprising a valve metal or valve metal alloy to form an anodic oxide layer on the substrate, the anodization being carried out in the presence of an adhesion-reducing agent (e.g. fluoride) which makes the anodic layer detachable from the valve metal, coating the anodic layer with one or more layers of desired materials by a vapor deposition technique (e.g. sputtering or vacuum evaporation, etc.) to form a film of desired structure which is releasable from the metal substrate, and then detaching the releasable film from the metal substrate. The film can, if desired, be transferred to another substrate by attaching the other substrate to the releasable film before the releasable film is detached from the metal substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laminated tamper-evident structure which exhibits an irreversible color change upon delamination. The structure includes a laminate of at least two layers capable of generating a color by a light interference and absorption phenomenon that requires direct and intimate contact between an adjacent two of the layers. The strength of attachment among the layers of the laminate is such that the laminate can be uniformly and reliably peeled apart at the interface between the adjacent two layers. An overlying flexible strip of transparent or translucent material is adhered to the laminate to facilitate the peeling operation. Upon peeling apart the laminate, the generated color is irreversibly lost, thus providing evidence that the structure has been tampered with. The structure can be incorporated into a variety of closable articles or products to provide evidence of opening or tampering.

Abstract: A process for coating a packaging film with a transparent barrier coating. The process starts with a metal substrate made of, or having a surface coating of, a valve metal or valve metal alloy. The metal substrate is anodized to form an anodic film of the valve metal on the metal substrate. The anodic film is made readily detachable from the metal by carrying out the anodization step in the presence of an adhesion-reducing agent, e.g. a fluoride. The packaging film is then attached to the anodic film and the anodic film is detached from the metal. The transferred anodic film forms a thin dense oxide coating on the packaging film that acts as a barrier against oxygen and moisture transport. The invention can be used for making packaging films suitable for packaging foodstuffs, and the like.

Abstract: A process for coating a packaging film with a transparent barrier coating. The process starts with a metal substrate made of, or having a surface coating of, a valve metal or valve metal alloy. The metal substrate is anodized to form an anodic film of the valve metal on the metal substrate. The anodic film is made readily detachable from the metal by carrying out the anodization step in the presence of an adhesion-reducing agent, e.g. a fluoride. The packaging film is then attached to the anodic film and the anodic film is detached from the metal. The transferred anodic film forms a thin dense oxide coating on the packaging film that acts as a barrier against oxygen and moisture transparent. The invention can be used for making packaging films suitable for packaging foodstuffs, and the like.

Abstract: A process for coating a polymer sheet with a transparent coating having moisture and oxygen barrier properties. The process starts with a metal substrate made of, or having a surface coating of, a valve metal or valve metal alloy. The metal substrate is anodized to form an anodic film of the valve metal on the metal substrate. The anodic film is made readily detachable from the metal by carrying out the anodization step in the presence of an adhesion-reducing agent, e.g. a fluoride. The polymer sheet, usually in the form of a thin transparent layer, is then attached to the anodic film and the anodic film is detached from the metal. The transferred anodic film forms a thin dense oxide coating on the polymer sheet that acts as a barrier against oxygen and moisture transport. The invention can be used for making packaging sheets suitable for packaging foodstuffs, and the like.

Abstract: The method involves forming a laminate capable of generating a substantially non-dichroic color by a light interference and absorption phenomenon by depositing a layer of a metal of medium light reflectivity by a vapor deposition technique on a suitable substrate, anodizing a surface of the metal in the presence of fluorine ions to form a detachable film of an oxide of the metal on the surface having a thickness suitable for color generation, and adhering a flexible strip of transparent or translucent material over the oxide film in such a manner that the strength of attachment of the flexible strip to the oxide film exceeds the adhesive strength between the oxide film and said surface of said metal.

Abstract: A laminated color change device which exhibits an irreversible color change upon delamination. The device comprises two layers capable of generating a color by a light interference and absorption phenomenon that requires direct and intimate contact between the two layers. One of the layers is a color-generating metal, such as a valve metal (e.g. tantalum), and the other is an overlying light-transmitting film thin enough to cause light interference effects. The film is produced by coating the color generating metal with aluminum or an aluminum alloy and then anodizing (preferably porous anodizing) the aluminum to consumption in the presence of an adhesion-reducing agent, e.g. fluoride, that reduces the strength of attachment between the layers so that the laminate can be uniformly and reliably separated at the interface between the adjacent two layers. An overlying layer of transparent or translucent material is normally adhered to the laminate to facilitate the separation of the layers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laminated tamper-evident structure which exhibits an irreversible color change upon delamination. The structure includes a laminate of at least two layers capable of generating a color by a light interference and absorption phenomenon that requires direct and intimate contact between an adjacent two of the layers. The strength of attachment among the layers of the laminate is such that the laminate can be uniformly and reliably peeled apart at the interface between the adjacent two layers. An overlying flexible strip of transparent or translucent material is adhered to the laminate to facilitate the peeling operation. Upon peeling apart the laminate, the generated color is irreversibly lost, thus providing evidence that the structure has been tampered with. The structure can be incorporated into a variety of closable articles or products to provide evidence of opening or tampering.