Abstract: According to embodiments, techniques for determining respiratory parameters are disclosed. More suitable probe locations for determining respiratory parameters, such as respiration rate and respiratory effort, may be identified. The most suitable probe location may be selected for probe placement. A scalogram may be generated from the detected signal at the more suitable location, resulting in an enhanced breathing band for determining respiratory parameters. Flexible probes that allow for a patient's natural movement due to respiration may also be used to enhance the breathing components of the detected signal. From the enhanced signal, more accurate and reliable respiratory parameters may be determined.

Abstract: One or more respiratory characteristics of a patient are measured by coupling patient monitor apparatus (e.g., a photoplethysmograph (“PPG”)) to the patient in order to produce a patient monitor signal that includes signal indicia indicative of effort the patient is exerting to breathe. A breathing or respiratory effort signal for the patient is extracted from the patient monitor signal. A respiratory characteristic signal is extracted (at least in part) from the effort signal. This may be done, for example, on the basis of an amplitude feature of the effort signal and a relative time of occurrence of that amplitude feature. Alternatively, the respiratory characteristic signal may be based on a relationship between two amplitude features of the effort signal, with or without regard for specifics of the times of occurrence of those amplitude features. A breath air flow meter may also be coupled to the patient, if desired, in order to produce a flow signal.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for analyzing multiple scale bands in the scalogram of a physiological signal in order to obtain information about a physiological process. An analysis may be performed to identify multiple scale bands that are likely to contain the information sought. Each scale band may be assessed to determine a band quality, and multiple bands may be combined based on the band quality. Information about a physiological process may determined based on the combined band. In an embodiment, analyzing multiple scale bands in a scalogram arising from a wavelet transformation of a photoplethysmograph signal may yield clinically relevant information about, among other things, the blood oxygen saturation of a patient.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to monitoring a characteristic physiological parameter of a patient during a suitable time period that either precedes or follows a triggering event, such as a clinician/patient interaction, that may negatively impact the physiological parameter. In some embodiments, physiological parameter values falling between one or more pre-set thresholds may be used to derive the characteristic physiological parameter. In some embodiments, tracking the physiological parameter may provide additional information about the patient's status. In some embodiments, confidence measures may be associated with, or may be used to analyze features of the patient signal to derive information about, the characteristic physiological parameter. The patient signal used to derive a patient's physiological parameter may be of an oscillatory nature or may include oscillatory features that may be analyzed to derive a characteristic respiration rate.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting effort events is disclosed. Effort may be determined through feature analysis of the signal as transformed by a continuous wavelet transform, which may be compared against a reference effort measure to trigger an effort event flag that signals the onset and/or severity of an effort event. For example, a respiratory effort measure may be determined based at least in part on a wavelet transform of a photoplethysmograph (PP G) signal and features of the transformed signal. A respiratory reference effort measure may be based at least in part on past values of the respiratory effort measure, and a threshold test may be used to trigger an effort event flag, which may indicate a marked change in respiratory effort exerted by a patient.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for deriving and analyzing shape metrics, including skewness metrics, from physiological signals and their derivatives to determine measurement quality, patient status and operating conditions of a physiological measurement device. Such determinations may be used for any number of functions, including indicating to a patient or care provider that the measurement quality is low or unacceptable, alerting a patient or care provider to a change in patient status, triggering or delaying a recalibration of a monitoring device, and adjusting the operating parameters of a monitoring system.

Abstract: A method and system for measuring fluid responsiveness of a patient is disclosed. Information related to fluid responsiveness of a patient may be derived from a PPG signal, for example, by analyzing the PPG signal transformed by a continuous wavelet transform. Other techniques for deriving information related to fluid responsiveness of a patient include, for example, analyzing the amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and/or baseline changes of a PPG signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to determining a patient's disease state based at least in pail on obtaining or determining certain underlying characteristics, such as vasotone, venous compliance, or ability of the vascular system to drain venous blood, of the patient's vascular system. The characteristics may be obtained by analyzing changes to a patient signal, such as the overall signal change, the rate of change, the shape of the change, changes in signal energy, or changes in the baseline and/or the amplitude of the signal, and/or the time period(s) over which the signal changes, that are caused by inducing a load on the vascular system. In some embodiments, the signal changes may be analyzed by transforming the signal using, for example, a continuous wavelet transform. The patient's health status or disease state may be determined using the one or more vascular system characteristics that influenced the signal change.

Abstract: According to embodiments, a respiration signal may be processed to normalize respiratory feature values in order to improve and/or simplify the interpretation and subsequent analysis of the signal. Data indicative of a signal may be received at a sensor and may be used to generate a respiration signal. Signal peaks in the respiration signal may be identified and signal peak thresholds may be determined. The identified signal peaks may be adjusted based on the signal peak threshold values to normalize the respiration signal.

Abstract: According to embodiments, estimated values for a signal transform may be generated using estimated values for the signal. Signal parameters may then be determined based on the estimated signal transform. A first portion of a signal may be obtained. A second portion of the signal may be estimated. The second portion of the signal may correspond to a portion of the that is unknown, that is not yet available and/or that is obscured by noise and/or artifacts. A transform (e.g., a continuous wavelet transform) of both of the signal portions may be performed. One or more parameters corresponding to the signal may then be determined from transformed signal.

Abstract: According to embodiments, a wavelet transform ratio surface measure signal may be generated from two PPG signals. Values of the wavelet transform ratio surface measure signal at a given moment of time (i.e., instantaneous values) may be indicative of localized signal discrepancies within and/or between the PPG signals such as noise and signal artifacts. Spikes in the instantaneous values of the wavelet transform ratio surface measure signal may be located and used to determine a signal quality measure for the PPG signals. Characteristics of the spikes such as number, location, grouping, distribution, amplitude, and polarity may be used in the signal quality determination.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a sensor with color-coded indications that various patient physiological parameters are being monitored, such as blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure, respiration rate, and respiration effort. The sensor may sense a physical characteristic used to monitor the physiological parameter, and a visible light emitter emits visible light of a first color that is color-coded to the physiological parameter, but is not used to sense the physical characteristic. The visible light emitter may emit visibly flashing light in response to the sensor sensing a threshold value of the physical characteristic. The sensor may include a second light emitter that may sense the physical characteristic, and may emit light of a second color that is color-coded to a first or second physiological parameter. In some embodiments, the first and second colors may visibly mix. The first and second visible light emitters may emit light independently, including visibly flashing light.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for monitoring pain management using measurements of physiological parameters based on a PPG signal. A reference physiological parameter may be compared against a later measurement to identify a change in condition that may indicate a pain management problem.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for monitoring pain management using measurements of physiological parameters based on a PPG signal. A reference physiological parameter may be compared against a later measurement to identify a change in condition that may indicate a pain management problem.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for monitoring pain management using measurements of physiological parameters based on a PPG signal. A reference physiological parameter may be compared against a later measurement to identify a change in condition that may indicate a pain management problem.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for monitoring pain management using measurements of physiological parameters based on a PPG signal. A reference physiological parameter may be compared against a later measurement to identify a change in condition that may indicate a pain management problem.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for monitoring a correlation between heart rate and blood pressure in a patient. When a characteristic of the correlation exceeds a threshold, a patient status indicator signal is sent to a monitoring device In some embodiments, the patient status indicator signal indicates a particular medical condition or alerts a care provider to a change in status. In some embodiments, the heart rate signal is used to improve a blood pressure estimate generated by a different signal. In some embodiments, the heart rate, blood pressure and correlation signals are used in a predictive mathematical model to estimate patient status or outcome.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to signal processing and, more particularly, to determining the value of a physiological parameter, such as the blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) of a subject. In an embodiment, a first baseline for a first waveform and a second baseline for a second waveform are determined. In this embodiment, the first and second waveforms are indicative of the physiological parameter of the subject. The first and second waveforms are filtered to obtain a first direct-current (DC) component for the first waveform and a second DC component for the second waveform. A measured value for the physiological parameter is derived from the first and second baseline signals, and the first and second DC components. In an embodiment, the measured value for the physiological parameter is determined based on a ratio of the normalized difference between the DC component and the baseline signal for the first waveform with respect to same for the second waveform.

Abstract: According to embodiments, techniques for determining one or more physiological characteristics in a measurement system which may include cross-talk are disclosed. A sensor or probe may be used to generate two or more a plethysmograph or photoplethysmograph (PPG) signals from a patient. The obtained signals may include an infrared signal and a red signal, and may be subject to an additional measurement noise. The obtained signal may be combined to form a detected signal. The detected signal may be filtered to partially or fully remove noise. The filtered detected signal may be demodulated to separate the red signal and the infrared signal. The recovered red and infrared signals may be processed by additional filters to partially or fully remove cross-talk.

Abstract: Techniques for non-invasive blood pressure monitoring are disclosed. Data corresponding to a patient may be received from a hospital information system. The data may include, for example, drug administration data, medical procedure data, medical equipment data, or a combination thereof. Whether a blood pressure monitoring system needs to be recalibrated may be determined, based at least in part on the received data. If it is determined that the blood pressure monitoring system needs to be recalibrated, the recalibration may be performed and at least one blood pressure measurement of the patient may be computed using the recalibrated blood pressure monitoring system.