Abstract: A laundry washing machine in which a suitable level of water is automatically determined for any particular load size. The machine is operated to first determine an initial estimation of the clothes load and to then fill to a water level suitable to the initial load estimation. The machine is then operated in such a way to check if the estimated water level is actually sufficient for the clothes load, essentially by determining the resulting load on the laundry machine motor. If the water level is found to be insufficient, then more water is added before the checking routine is carried out once again. When the water level is determined to be suitable for the clothes load, washing is commenced.

Abstract: A laundry machine which has a spray head for spraying liquid into laundry machines into a defined target area. The spray head includes a tubular body with first and second groups of spray nozzles in the body wall located at different longitudinal spacings from the inlet. A pressure operated valve is mounted in the body which in a closed position enables low pressure liquid entering the spray head to exit from the first group of spay nozzles and in an open position enables higher pressure liquid to exit from both the first and second groups of spray nozzles.

Abstract: A laundry washing machine in which water is conserved by replacing the conventional deep rinse by a series of spray rinses. Each spray rinse utilises a predetermined quantity of water which is sprayed directly at the clothes load while the load is rotated, thereby allowing the rinse water to pass straight through the clothes load, removing soil and/or detergent from the clothes on its way. The amount of water used in each spray rinse is determined from a first "sense rinse" cycle in which the volume of water required to totally saturate the clothes load is found. In each subsequent rinse, a proportion (preferably from about 50% to about 100%) of this value is used.