Abstract: A method of decomposing a cured aromatic epoxy resin uses a molten salt bath at less than about 350° C. The molten salt bath includes a plurality of alkali metal hydroxides. The cured aromatic epoxy resin can be in intimate physical contact with a metal or alloy. The cured aromatic epoxy resin can be patterned by a lithographic method. The lithographic method can be multibeam interference lithography to form a three-dimensional photonic crystal template on a conductive substrate for electrodeposition of metal. Contacting the three-dimensional photonic crystal template with the electrodeposited metal with the molten salt bath can form a metal matrix device displaying a periodic pattern that is the inverse of the periodic pattern of the decomposed three-dimensional photonic crystal template.

Abstract: A method to control the density of a three-dimensional photonic crystal template involves changing the irradiation time from at least four laser beams to yield a periodic percolating matrix of mass and voids free of condensed matter from a photoresist composition. The photoresist composition includes a photoinitiator at a concentration where the dose or irradiation is controlled by the irradiation time and is less than the irradiation time that would convert all photoinitiator to initiating species such that the density of the three-dimensional photonic crystal template differs for different irradiation times. A deposition of reflecting or absorbing particles can be patterned on the surface of the photoresist composition to form a template with varying densities above different areas of the substrate.

Abstract: A component with a reflective substrate, a photoresist layer disposed on the reflective substrate, and a light diffusing layer sandwiched between the reflective substrate and the photoresist layer is provided. The light diffusing layer includes an outer metal oxide layer with an outer rough surface configured to diffuse laser light during laser interference lithography of the photoresist layer. The outer metal oxide is also configured to be reduced to a conductive metallic layer during electroplating of the substrate. The outer metal oxide layer includes a plurality of elongated light diffusing elements extending in an outward direction from the substrate such that the outer rough surface diffuses at least 90% of laser light during the laser interference lithography of the photoresist layer.

Abstract: A component with a reflective substrate, a photoresist layer disposed on the reflective substrate, and a light diffusing layer sandwiched between the reflective substrate and the photoresist layer is provided. The light diffusing layer includes an outer metal oxide layer with an outer rough surface configured to diffuse laser light during laser interference lithography of the photoresist layer. The outer metal oxide is also configured to be reduced to a conductive metallic layer during electroplating of the substrate. The outer metal oxide layer includes a plurality of elongated light diffusing elements extending in an outward direction from the substrate such that the outer rough surface diffuses at least 90% of laser light during the laser interference lithography of the photoresist layer.

Abstract: A method to form a three-dimensional photonic crystal template with a gradient structure involves irradiating a photoresist composition of a thickness of at least 15 ?m from at least four laser beams to yield a periodic patterned with a percolating matrix of mass in constructive volumes of a cured photoresist composition and destructive volumes of voids free of condensed matter where the proportion of constructive volume displays a gradient from the irradiated surface to the substrate after development. For a given light intensity, photoinitiator concentration in the photoresist composition, and a given thickness, by irradiating for a relatively short period, a three-dimensional photonic crystal template displaying a gradient having greater constructive volume proximal the air interface forms and a relatively long irradiation period results in a gradient having greater constructive volume proximal the substrate.

Abstract: A method to control the density of a three-dimensional photonic crystal template involves changing the irradiation time from at least four laser beams to yield a periodic percolating matrix of mass and voids free of condensed matter from a photoresist composition. The photoresist composition includes a photoinitiator at a concentration where the dose or irradiation is controlled by the irradiation time and is less than the irradiation time that would convert all photoinitiator to initiating species such that the density of the three-dimensional photonic crystal template differs for different irradiation times. A deposition of reflecting or absorbing particles can be patterned on the surface of the photoresist composition to form a template with varying densities above different areas of the substrate.

Abstract: A method of decomposing a cured aromatic epoxy resin uses a molten salt bath at less than about 350° C. The molten salt bath includes a plurality of alkali metal hydroxides. The cured aromatic epoxy resin can be in intimate physical contact with a metal or alloy. The cured aromatic epoxy resin can be patterned by a lithographic method. The lithographic method can be multibeam interference lithography to form a three-dimensional photonic crystal template on a conductive substrate for electrodeposition of metal. Contacting the three-dimensional photonic crystal template with the electrodeposited metal with the molten salt bath can form a metal matrix device displaying a periodic pattern that is the inverse of the periodic pattern of the decomposed three-dimensional photonic crystal template.

Abstract: A method to form a three-dimensional photonic crystal template with a gradient structure involves irradiating a photoresist composition of a thickness of at least 15 ?m from at least four laser beams to yield a periodic patterned with a percolating matrix of mass in constructive volumes of a cured photoresist composition and destructive volumes of voids free of condensed matter where the proportion of constructive volume displays a gradient from the irradiated surface to the substrate after development. For a given light intensity, photoinitiator concentration in the photoresist composition, and a given thickness, by irradiating for a relatively short period, a three-dimensional photonic crystal template displaying a gradient having greater constructive volume proximal the air interface forms and a relatively long irradiation period results in a gradient having greater constructive volume proximal the substrate.

Abstract: A three-dimensional photonic crystal template on a reflective substrate displays a periodic patterned from multibeam interference lithography with constructive volumes of a cured photoresist composition and destructive volumes that are voids free of mass containing defects and where the reflective substrate is conductive. A method to generate the three-dimensional photonic crystal template includes using at least four laser beams of unequal intensity, oriented such that a dose of light controlled by the irradiation time generates the periodic pattern with a small dose, where the light reflected from the substrate is insufficient to activate a threshold quantity of photoinitiator in the destructive volumes for the formation of any anomalous condensed matter in the intended void volume.

Abstract: A payment terminal evaluation device may include a network interface configured to receive data associated with each of a plurality of payment terminals. The data may include a plurality of data fields each having a respective value for a respective transaction processed by one of the plurality of payment terminals. Each payment terminal may be associated with one of a plurality of merchants. The payment terminal evaluation device may further include an electronic processor that may be configured to identify, based on the data, at least one of (i) a merchant of the plurality of merchants as an anomalous merchant and (ii) a payment terminal of the plurality of payment terminals as an anomalous payment terminal. The electronic processor may be further configured to transmit anomaly information to a communication device to cause the communication device to display the anomaly information.

Abstract: At least a first cryptogram and a second cryptogram are transmitted from a payment device reader component to a terminal component. A message including at least the first cryptogram and the second cryptogram is transmitted from the terminal component to an issuer of a payment device presented to the reader component, through a payment network. A message is obtained from the issuer, corresponding to authentication, by the issuer, of the payment device (and optionally the owner of the payment device) presented to the reader component, based at least on the first cryptogram and the second cryptogram. The payment network is configured in accordance with at least one of (i) a standard, and (ii) a specification, which normally employs only a single cryptogram for the message and the authentication. Apparatuses and computer program products are also disclosed.

Abstract: Carbon opals, a form of colloidal crystal, are composed of ordered two-dimensional or three-dimensional arrays of Monodispersed Starburst Carbon Spheres (MSCS). Methods for producing such carbon opals include oxidizing as-synthesized MSCS, for example by heating in air, to increase surface charge. Such oxidation is believed to decrease settling rates of a colloidal suspension, enabling formation of an ordered colloidal crystal. Inverse opals, composed of any of a wide variety of materials, and based on a carbon opal template, have a reciprocal structure to a carbon opal. Inverse opals are formed by methods including: forming a carbon opal as described, impregnating a desired material into pores in the carbon opal to produce a hybrid structure, and removing the carbon portion from the hybrid structure.

Abstract: Disclosed are exemplary embodiments of systems and methods for enabling Internet of Things (IoT) devices to initiate payment transactions. In an exemplary embodiment, a method generally includes receiving, by a computing device, a transaction request associated with a merchant where the transaction request includes a device identifier for an IoT device associated with a consumer and/or a location of the IoT device, and retrieving, by the computing device, a payment credential associated with a payment account when the transaction request is authenticated. The method also includes causing, by the computing device, the payment credential to be sent to the IoT device associated with the device identifier, whereby the IoT device is able to direct the merchant to proceed in the transaction using the payment credential.

Abstract: The present disclosure proposes a computer implemented method for selecting test cases to be executed on a terminal by creating a configuration code and applying this code to a set of test case selection tuples. The present disclosure also proposes a method for automatically creating a set of test case selection tuples, taking a source code as an input. The created set of test case selection tuples can be used in the above-mentioned method for selecting test cases. Finally, the present disclosure proposes a method for operating a program for selecting test cases having a user interface and a selection logic. The program may apply the above-mentioned method for selecting test cases by creating a configuration code and applying this code to a set of test case selection tuples.

Abstract: Carbon opals, a form of colloidal crystal, are composed of ordered two-dimensional or three-dimensional arrays of Monodispersed Starburst Carbon Spheres (MSCS). Methods for producing such carbon opals include oxidizing as-synthesized MSCS, for example by heating in air, to increase surface charge. Such oxidation is believed to decrease settling rates of a colloidal suspension, enabling formation of an ordered colloidal crystal. Inverse opals, composed of any of a wide variety of materials, and based on a carbon opal template, have a reciprocal structure to a carbon opal. Inverse opals are formed by methods including: forming a carbon opal as described, impregnating a desired material into pores in the carbon opal to produce a hybrid structure, and removing the carbon portion from the hybrid structure.

Abstract: A self-assembled carbon structure such as a carbon opal is disclosed herein. The structure is composed of hydrophilic carbon spheres oriented in a periodic colloidal crystal structure, wherein the carbon spheres have a porous surface, wherein the carbons spheres have an average particle diameter less than 3000 nm. Also disclosed is an inverse opal structure that includes a plurality of voids in the structural material. The voids are regularly arranged in an ordered periodic structure, the voids having a spherical shape. The inverse opal structure has a specific surface area greater than 100 m2/g and method for making the same together with materials that employ the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure proposes a computer implemented method for selecting test cases to be executed on a terminal by creating a configuration code and applying this code to a set of test case selection tuples. The present disclosure also proposes a method for automatically creating a set of test case selection tuples, taking a source code as an input. The created set of test case selection tuples can be used in the above-mentioned method for selecting test cases. Finally, the present disclosure proposes a method for operating a program for selecting test cases having a user interface and a selection logic. The program may apply the above-mentioned method for selecting test cases by creating a configuration code and applying this code to a set of test case selection tuples.

Abstract: A payment-enabled mobile device such as a “smart phone” incorporates risk management features applicable when used for a contactless payment transactions. In some embodiments, a mobile device processor includes a non-volatile memory storing a first counter and an associated first accumulator used for financial risk management purposes, and storing a second counter and an associated second accumulator used for enforcing a cardholder verification requirement, and storing a payment application program. In some embodiments, features govern when cardholder verification is required for consummation of the current transaction, and such features may be configurable by the payment card account issuer and/or the user of the mobile device.

Abstract: A payment-enabled mobile device such as a “smart phone” incorporates risk management features that are applicable to its use in contactless payment transactions. Some features may govern when verification of the cardholder's identity is required for consummation of the current transaction. The features may be configurable by the payment card account issuer and/or the user of the mobile device.

Abstract: A system and method for generating an authentication token which is used by an issuer associated with a integrated circuit card to authenticate a transaction. A personal card reader receives data, including an authentication cryptogram, from the integrated circuit card. The personal card reader uses the data received from the integrated circuit card to select one of at least two default bitmaps stored in a memory portion of the personal card reader. The personal card reader uses the selected default bitmap and the authentication cryptogram to build the authentication token.