Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for identifying guide RNAs for use in site-directed RNA editing. In particular, the present invention relates to a high-throughput screening method for identifying guide RNAs effective for site directed A-to-I RNA editing, and methods of use for the identified guide RNAs.

Abstract: A computer system receives a query and converts the query into one or more input data types each associated with a respective piece of input constraint data, and one or more output datatypes corresponding to desired data. A data path workflow scheme is created from the datatypes and a catalog of data path modules each of which has defined datatype of its input(s) and output(s) by building candidate data paths forward from the input and rearward from the output of the data path until data paths from all of the outputs connect with at least one of the data path inputs. The data path is then optimized and converted to an executable code data procedure and then run with the constraint data as the input to the procedure. The results can be displayed to a user display device by presentation modules based on the datatype of the output.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and substances for the targeted alteration of genetic information on an RNA level. The substances are artificially produced guide RNAs, which are capable of recruiting endogenous editing enzymes, such as hADAR enzymes, in particular hADAR2 and hADAR1, in order to introduce targeted point mutations in selected mRNAs. The guide RNA consists of multiple segments and is constructed in such a way that individual nucleotides from different segments pair to form a double helix, and the nucleotides of a determined segment form a hairpin structure within the guide RNA. The invention also relates to the method for directed RNA editing, wherein the guide RNA is transfected into the cells in which the RNA editing is to be carried out. The substances and the method can be used for repairing individual, e.g. disease-relevant point mutations, such as those leading to premature stop signals.

Abstract: A computer system receives a query and converts the query into one or more input data types each associated with a respective piece of input constraint data, and one or more output datatypes corresponding to desired data. A data path workflow scheme is created from the datatypes and a catalog of data path modules each of which has defined datatype of its input(s) and output(s) by building candidate data paths forward from the input and rearward from the output of the data path until data paths from all of the outputs connect with at least one of the data path inputs. The data path is then optimized and converted to an executable code data procedure and then run with the constraint data as the input to the procedure. The results can be displayed to a user display device by presentation modules based on the datatype of the output.

Abstract: A method and device for checking keyless vehicle access authorization of an operator. The method includes transmitting a code signal from a base station to a mobile identification (ID) transmitter carried by the operator. In response to receiving the code signal, the ID transmitter performs an action which is indicative of a reply signal that is detectable by the base station. The difference of a signal characteristic between a reference code signal monitored at the base station and the reply signal received by the base station is then determined. The signal characteristic correlates with signal propagation time and changes as a function of the distance between the base station and the ID transmitter. The distance between the base station and the ID transmitter is then determined on the basis of a relative determination based on the difference of the signal characteristic between the reference code signal and the reply signal.

Abstract: A system and method for transporting and distributing large numbers of items. The system and method includes a plurality of plants, with items being transported between the plants and distributed within them. In one embodiment, the items are characterized according to shape, and are assigned to plants for distribution and are organized for transportation between plants based on shape. In another embodiment, the items have assigned thereto geographic codes, and are assigned to plants for distribution and are organized for transportation between plants based on these geographic codes. In another embodiment, both shape and geographic code are considered in the assignment of plants.

Abstract: An interface system for a television receiver includes an interface connector having a plurality of contacts connected to various component circuits in the television receiver. In order to provide various functions for the television receiver, the interface system includes various circuit boards each having a plug connectable with the interface connector. The plug includes a number of contacts equal to or less than the plurality of contacts in the interface connector. A particular embodiment of one of the circuit boards includes circuitry for connecting the television receiver to an interconnecting network and for enabling a user to send and receive electronic mail messages using a remote control transmitter for the television receiver.

Abstract: An interface system for a television receiver includes an interface connector having a plurality of contacts connected to various component circuits in the television receiver. In order to provide various functions for the television receiver, the interface system includes various circuit boards each having a plug connectable with the interface connector. The plug includes a number of contacts equal to or less than the plurality of contacts in the interface connector. A particular embodiment of one of the circuit boards includes circuitry for connecting the television receiver to an interconnecting network and for enabling the television receiver to control, and to be controlled by, another television receiver also connected to the interconnecting network.

Abstract: The reflection modulator (11), serving the purpose of modulating a light beam emerging from an optical fiber (42) and re-entering the same, is essentially based on a microstructural Fabry and Perot interferometer. The interferometer is formed by two parallel reflecting layers (18, 20) which are electrically conductive, electrically insulated from each other, and connected to electric terminals (28, 30), and an air gap (19) which is comprised between them. A mechanical excursion of one (20) of the two reflecting layers can thus be produced by an electric wanted signal (NS). The reflecting layers (18, 20) are disposed on a base block (14) of monocrystalline silicon having two parallel main surfaces (15, 16) each of which is covered by two passivating coatings (25, 35, 26, 36). The base block (14) is provided with a recess on one (16) of the main surfaces. An optical fiber (42) is fastened in said recess by means of an adhesive (44) in such a manner that the fiber end is completely enclosed by said adhesive.

Abstract: A light modulator useful for modulating a diverging light beam exiting from an optical fiber. In one embodiment, the modulator has a focusing lens and two flat partial mirrors. The lens collimates the light, one half of which respectively strikes each of the partial mirrors orthogonally. These mirrors reflect the light back onto itself causing, depending on the relationship between the wavelength of the incident light and the differences in path lengths, varying degrees of constructive or destructive interference. The difference in path length can be varied electrically if the partial mirrors are embodied as etched semiconductor foils which are controllably displaced in an electrostatic field set up between the foils and a substrate electrode.

Abstract: A light modulator for modulating a light beam which emerges in the shape of a cone from an optical fiber. The modulator has a mirror which can be brought into at least two different states. In the one of these states, the light diverges in such a way that only a small portion returns back into the fiber. In the other of these states, however, more of the light returns back into the fiber. In one embodiment, the mirror is embodied as an etched semiconductor foil and is deformed by the force of a variable electrostatic field between the foil and an electrode which has been placed on a substrate.

Abstract: The code word recognition unit (51) comprises an optical switching element which can be controlled electrically and serves as a light switch, a sequence generator (75) for electrically controlling the switching element (57), an optoelectrical transducer (60), an electrical integrator (63), a threshold circuit (66) and a control unit (69). In addition, there is a clock generator (72) and a decision unit (73).Code words appear periodically at the input (53) as optical bit patterns (OM) which are synchronized with an assigned electrical comparison pattern (VM) at the control input (44). The light let through by the switching element (57) forms a voltage pulse (U) via the transducer (60) at the integrator (63), the level of the voltage pulse (U) forming a measurement for the agreement of the two patterns (OM, VM). If the two patterns agree, there is a clear maximum.The code word recognition unit (51) serves for the rapid recognition of address codes on optical lines.

Abstract: The transmission equipment includes a plurality of subscriber nodes which are connected serially to an optical fiber. Every node comprises an access unit with at least one directional coupler, an address detection unit, a receiver, a synchronization unit, as well as a control unit with a switching transmitter. Addressed packets continuously reach the nodes and pass through the latter via the fiber in the form of modulated light. In a first switching position, the directional coupler branches off a part of the light power of the packets from the fiber, converts the light in the optoelectrical transducer into electrical signals and reads the respective packet address in the detection unit. If this packet address matches the address of the node the control unit switches the directional coupler into a second switching position. The coupler branches off another part of the light power of the packet in this second switching position and, in so doing, feeds the occurring electrical useful signals to the receiver.

Abstract: The bit and frame synchronization unit (51) serves for the synchronization of an access node to the bit stream running along an optical fiber.The unit (51) comprises an optical switching element (57) which can be controlled electrically and serves as a light switch. It further comprises a sequence generator (75) for electrically controlling the switching element (57), a clock generator (72), an optoelectrical transducer (60), an electrical integrator (63), a regulator and evaluator (66) and a control unit (69). In addition, there is a coarse regulator (48).An optical bit pattern (BM) occurs periodically at the input (53), an equivalent electrical comparison pattern (VM) assigned to the latter occurs at the control input (44). The level of the resultant electrical voltage pulse U at the output (64) of the integrator (63) is a measurement for the respective relative phase deviation during approximate synchronous running. There is a sharp pulse maximum during absolute synchronous running.

Abstract: An apparatus for feeding bulk material includes a rotor with a plurality of radially extending vanes which are supported on a hollow shaft and are provided with sealing strips at their end faces. Shiftable within the shaft is an adjusting bar with at least two axially spaced conical surfaces which cooperate with push rods having one end bearing against the conical surfaces and another end in force-locking connection with the sealing strips. The adjusting bar is acted upon by a force-applying unit which subjects the adjusting bar to a constant axial holding force which is independent of the axial displacement of the adjusting bar so that a sufficient contact pressure is continuously maintained by which the sealing strips are urged against the housing.

Abstract: A pipe switch for plants for pneumatically conveying of bulk material includes a housing with three ports and having a rotatable cock for selectively connecting one port with the second or third port. The cock is provided with two pipe sections which define two flow paths and are connected at their ends via suitable ring segments. One of the ring segments is of sufficient dimension to sealingly bar the one port which is not in communication with the first port when the cock is in the respective end position. A journal connects the pipe sections at a central location thereof and is rotatably supported in side cover plates of the housing for allowing a rotation of the cock between the two end positions.

Abstract: A rotary feeder includes a housing in which a rotary member is supported between two lateral bearing caps, with one journal fixedly supported in one bearing cap and the other journal loosely supported in the other bearing cap. For facilitating maintenance and cleaning of the rotary feeder, a carriage is securely mounted to the one bearing cap accommodating the fixed bearing. The carriage is movable and suitably guided in axial direction of the rotary member by at least the axial length of the rotary member so as to allow removal and return of the rotary member from and back into the housing in an accurate and safe manner.

Abstract: A rotary feeder includes a housing which accommodates a rotor extending between two lateral disk members. Bearing against the peripheral area of each disk member is a slide ring which is acted upon by a pressure fluid with a constant holding force by which the slide ring is pressed against the associated disk member. Thus, the axial sealing of the rotor within the housing is independent of the wear of the slide ring. In addition to the holding pressure, the slide rings may also be subjected to a momentary displacement force which exceeds the holding force and ensures that the slide rings overcome frictional forces in the area of their guides.

Abstract: A rotary feeder includes a housing which accommodates a rotor including a plurality of vanes supported on a shaft. The rotary feeder is sealed in axial direction by slide rings which are acted upon by a pressure fluid and in radial direction by displaceable sealing strips which are contained in the peripheral end face of the vanes. The required contact pressure in axial direction as well as in radial direction is provided by a pressure fluid source which acts upon the annular piston-type slide rings. Each slide ring is pressed against a slide disk which is part of a lateral disk member of the rotor and is rotatable in circumferential direction to the slide disk. Each slide disk is provided in circumferential direction with slant grooves which are engaged by retaining bolts of a sealing strip unit contained in the peripheral end face of each vane and providing the radial sealing of the rotor vanes.

Abstract: A two-way pipe switch for bulk material includes a housing with an inlet port, a coaxial first outlet port connectable to the inlet port to define a first flow path and a second outlet port connectable to the inlet port to define a second flow path which rectangularly branches off the first flow path. Accommodated in the housing is a cock which is rotatable by about 120.degree. from a first position into a second position for selectively connecting the inlet port with the first and second outlet ports. The housing has a cylindrical inner wall which between the inlet port and the first outlet port defines a first area and between the inlet port and the second outlet port defines a second area, with each area being provided with a pocket-like recess facing the respective outlet port and including edges which cooperate with the respective end face of the cross piece in such a manner that bulk material particles are prevented from penetrating the respective sealing gaps.