Abstract: Analyte sensors responsive at low working electrode potentials may comprise an active area upon a surface of a working electrode, wherein the active area comprises a polymer, a redox mediator covalently bonded to the polymer, and at least one analyte-responsive enzyme covalently bonded to the polymer. A specific redox mediator responsive at low potential may have a structure of wherein G is a linking group covalently bonding the redox mediator to the polymer. A mass transport limiting membrane permeable to the analyte may overcoat the active area. In some sensor configurations, the mass transport limiting membrane may comprise a membrane polymer crosslinked with a branched crosslinker comprising three or more crosslinkable groups, such as polyethylene glycol tetraglycidyl ether.

Abstract: Methods and analyte sensors including a sensor tail comprising at least a first working electrode and a second working electrode that are spaced apart from one another along a length of the sensor tail. A first active area is disposed upon a surface of the first working electrode and a second active area is disposed upon a surface of the second working electrode, the first active area and the second active area being responsive to different analytes. A mass transport limiting membrane is deposited upon the first active area and the second active area by sequential dip coating operations, and the mass transport limiting membrane comprises a bilayer membrane portion overcoating the first active area and a homogeneous membrane portion overcoating the second active area.

Abstract: Analyte sensors responsive at low working electrode potentials may comprise an active area upon a surface of a working electrode, wherein the active area comprises a polymer, a redox mediator covalently bonded to the polymer, and at least one analyte-responsive enzyme covalently bonded to the polymer. A specific redox mediator responsive at low potential may have a structure of wherein G is a linking group covalently bonding the redox mediator to the polymer. A mass transport limiting membrane permeable to the analyte may overcoat the active area. In some sensor configurations, the mass transport limiting membrane may comprise a membrane polymer crosslinked with a branched crosslinker comprising three or more crosslinkable groups, such as polyethylene glycol tetraglycidyl ether.

Abstract: Aspects of this disclosure relate to an impedance transformation circuit for use in an amplifier, such as a low noise amplifier. The impedance transformation circuit includes a matching circuit including a first inductor. The impedance transformation circuit also includes a second inductor. The first and second inductors are magnetically coupled to each other to provide negative feedback to linearize the amplifier.

Abstract: Front end systems and related devices, integrated circuits, modules, and methods are disclosed. One such front end system includes a low noise amplifier in a receive path and a multi-mode power amplifier circuit in a transmit path. The low noise amplifier includes a first inductor, an amplification circuit, and a second inductor magnetically coupled to the first inductor to provide negative feedback to linearize the low noise amplifier. The multi-mode power amplifier circuit includes a stacked output stage including a transistor stack of two or more transistors. The multi-mode power amplifier circuit also includes a bias circuit configured to control a bias of at least one transistor of the transistor stack based on a mode of the multi-mode power amplifier circuit. Other embodiments of front end systems are disclosed, along with related devices, integrated circuits, modules, methods, and components thereof.

Abstract: Aspects of this disclosure relate to an impedance transformation circuit for use in an amplifier, such as a low noise amplifier. The impedance transformation circuit includes a matching circuit including a first inductor. The impedance transformation circuit also includes a second inductor. The first and second inductors are magnetically coupled to each other to provide negative feedback to linearize the amplifier.

Abstract: Front end systems and related devices, integrated circuits, modules, and methods are disclosed. One such packaged module includes a multi-mode power amplifier circuit in an interior of a radio frequency shielding structure and an antenna external to the radio frequency shielding structure. The multi-mode power amplifier circuit includes a stacked output stage including a transistor stack of two or more transistors. The multi-mode power amplifier circuit also includes a bias circuit configured to control a bias of at least one transistor of the transistor stack based on a mode of the multi-mode power amplifier circuit. The radio frequency shielding structure can extend above a package substrate. The antenna can be on the package substrate. Other embodiments of front end systems are disclosed, along with related devices, integrated circuits, modules, methods, and components thereof.

Abstract: An integrated device die is disclosed. The integrated device die can include a substrate having a first side and a second side opposite the first side, a heat generating electronic component disposed over the first side of the substrate, a dielectric layer disposed such that the heat generating electronic component is positioned at least partially between the substrate and the dielectric layer. A surface of the dielectric layer that faces away from the substrate includes a terminal that is electrically connected to the heat generating electronic component and is laterally offset from the heat generating electronic component. The thermally conductive structure is positioned between the substrate and the terminal. The substrate and the thermally conductive structure at least partially define a thermal pathway between the heat generating electronic component and the terminal.

Abstract: Packaged modules for use in wireless devices are disclosed. A substrate supports integrated circuit die including at least a portion of a baseband system and a front end system, an oscillator assembly, and an antenna. The oscillator assembly includes an enclosure to enclose the oscillator and conductive pillars formed at least partially within a side of the enclosure to conduct signals between the top and bottom surfaces of the oscillator assembly. Components can be vertically integrated to save space and reduce trace length. Vertical integration provides an overhang volume that can include discrete components. Radio frequency shielding and ground planes within the substrate shield the front end system and antenna from radio frequency interference. Stacked filter assemblies include passive surface mount devices to filter radio frequency signals.

Abstract: Examples of the disclosure include a current-conditioning apparatus comprising a current mirror circuit including an input transistor adapted to receive an input current from an injection node and including an output transistor adapted to replicate in response to the received input current an output current with a predefined current mirror ratio, and a differential amplifier adapted to provide a negative feedback loop between the injection node of the apparatus and a control terminal of the input transistor of the current mirror circuit.

Abstract: Front end systems and related devices, integrated circuits, modules, and methods are disclosed. One such front end system includes a low noise amplifier in a receive path and a multi-mode power amplifier circuit in a transmit path. An overload protection circuit can adjust an impedance of a switch coupled to the low noise amplifier based on a signal level of the low noise amplifier. The multi-mode power amplifier circuit includes a stacked output stage including a transistor stack of two or more transistors. The multi-mode power amplifier circuit also includes a bias circuit configured to control a bias of at least one transistor of the transistor stack based on a mode of the multi-mode power amplifier circuit. Other embodiments of front end systems are disclosed, along with related devices, integrated circuits, modules, methods, and components thereof.

Abstract: Radio frequency (RF) amplifiers with overload protection are provided herein. In certain configurations, an RF amplifier system includes an RF amplifier that receives an RF signal from an input terminal. The RF amplifier includes an amplification field-effect transistor (FET) having a gate that receives the RF signal, and a degeneration circuit connected between a source of the amplifier FET and a ground voltage. The RF amplifier system further includes an electrostatic discharge protection circuit including a plurality of protection diodes electrically connected in series between the input terminal and the ground voltage, and a detector having an input connected along an electrical path through the plurality of protection diodes and an output that generates a detection signal operable to control an amount of degeneration provided by the degeneration circuit.

Abstract: Radio frequency amplifiers with overload protection are provided herein. In certain configurations, an RF amplifier system includes an RF amplifier that receives an RF signal from an input terminal and that generates an amplified RF signal at an output terminal, and an overload detection circuit that generates a detection signal indicating a detected signal level of the RF amplifier. The RF amplifier includes an amplification device that amplifies the RF signal and a degeneration circuit that provides degeneration to the amplification device. Additionally, the detection signal is operable to control an amount of degeneration provided by the degeneration circuit so as to protect the RF amplifier from overload.

Abstract: Packaged modules for use in wireless devices are disclosed. A substrate supports integrated circuit die including at least a portion of a baseband system and a front end system, an oscillator assembly, and an antenna. The oscillator assembly includes an enclosure to enclose the oscillator and conductive pillars formed at least partially within a side of the enclosure to conduct signals between the top and bottom surfaces of the oscillator assembly. Components can be vertically integrated to save space and reduce trace length. Vertical integration provides an overhang volume that can include discrete components. Radio frequency shielding and ground planes within the substrate shield the front end system and antenna from radio frequency interference. Stacked filter assemblies include passive surface mount devices to filter radio frequency signals.

Abstract: A packaged module for use in a wireless communication device has a substrate supporting a crystal and a first die that includes at least a microprocessor and one or more of radio frequency transmitter circuitry and radio frequency receiver circuitry. The first die is disposed between the crystal and the substrate. An overmold encloses the first die and the crystal. The substrate also supports a second die that includes at least a power amplifier for amplifying a radio frequency input signal, where the second die is disposed on an opposite side of the substrate from the first die and the crystal.

Abstract: Front end systems and related devices, integrated circuits, modules, and methods are disclosed. One such packaged module includes a multi-mode power amplifier circuit in an interior of a radio frequency shielding structure and an antenna external to the radio frequency shielding structure. The multi-mode power amplifier circuit includes a stacked output stage including a transistor stack of two or more transistors. The multi-mode power amplifier circuit also includes a bias circuit configured to control a bias of at least one transistor of the transistor stack based on a mode of the multi-mode power amplifier circuit. The radio frequency shielding structure can extend above a package substrate. The antenna can be on the package substrate. Other embodiments of front end systems are disclosed, along with related devices, integrated circuits, modules, methods, and components thereof.

Abstract: Front end systems and related devices, integrated circuits, modules, and methods are disclosed. One such front end system includes a low noise amplifier in a receive path and a multi-mode power amplifier circuit in a transmit path. An overload protection circuit can adjust an impedance of a switch coupled to the low noise amplifier based on a signal level of the low noise amplifier. The multi-mode power amplifier circuit includes a stacked output stage including a transistor stack of two or more transistors. The multi-mode power amplifier circuit also includes a bias circuit configured to control a bias of at least one transistor of the transistor stack based on a mode of the multi-mode power amplifier circuit. Other embodiments of front end systems are disclosed, along with related devices, integrated circuits, modules, methods, and components thereof.

Abstract: Aspects of this disclosure relate to an impedance transformation circuit for use in an amplifier, such as a low noise amplifier. The impedance transformation circuit includes a matching circuit including a first inductor. The impedance transformation circuit also includes a second inductor. The first and second inductors are magnetically coupled to each other to provide negative feedback to linearize the amplifier.

Abstract: Analyte sensors responsive at low working electrode potentials may comprise an active area upon a surface of a working electrode, wherein the active area comprises a polymer, a redox mediator covalently bonded to the polymer, and at least one analyte-responsive enzyme covalently bonded to the polymer. A specific redox mediator responsive at low potential may have a structure of wherein G is a linking group covalently bonding the redox mediator to the polymer. A mass transport limiting membrane permeable to the analyte may overcoat the active area. In some sensor configurations, the mass transport limiting membrane may comprise a membrane polymer crosslinked with a branched crosslinker comprising three or more crosslinkable groups, such as polyethylene glycol tetraglycidyl ether.

Abstract: Methods and analyte sensors including a sensor tail comprising at least a first working electrode and a second working electrode that are spaced apart from one another along a length of the sensor tail. A first active area is disposed upon a surface of the first working electrode and a second active area is disposed upon a surface of the second working electrode, the first active area and the second active area being responsive to different analytes. A mass transport limiting membrane is deposited upon the first active area and the second active area by sequential dip coating operations, and the mass transport limiting membrane comprises a bilayer membrane portion overcoating the first active area and a homogeneous membrane portion overcoating the second active area.