Abstract: A security or identification system including the application of two or more marker portions that include one or more compounds or mixture of compounds that fluoresce under exposure to electromagnetic radiation. The marker portions emit light at different wavelengths to each other when exposed to said electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: An electrical bus system has a trunk bus that includes at least one positive bus line, an equal number of negative bus line, and a ground cable. The trunk bus lines extend through clamping blocks where some of the clamping blocks are coupled to brackets that are themselves coupled to vertical supports. The ground cable is coupled to vertical support using the bracket. Multi-tap shear bolt connectors are used to connect the trunk bus line to photovoltaic wires carrying the output from one or more solar panel arrays, thereby eliminating the need for combiner boxes used in conventional systems.

Abstract: An electrical bus system has a trunk bus that includes at least one positive bus line, an equal number of negative bus line, and a ground cable. The trunk bus lines extend through clamping blocks where some of the clamping blocks are coupled to brackets that are themselves coupled to vertical supports. The ground cable is coupled to vertical support using the bracket. Multi-tap shear bolt connectors are used to connect the trunk bus line to photovoltaic wires carrying the output from one or more solar panel arrays, thereby eliminating the need for combiner boxes used in conventional systems.

Abstract: An electrical bus system has an integrated trunk bus that includes at least one positive bus line, an equal number of negative bus line, and a messenger cable that that are twisted together to form a single, integrated trunk bus line. The messenger cable provides mechanical support and is coupled to vertical support using brackets, ground clamps, or other suitable coupling techniques, thereby eliminating the need for cable hangers or trenching. The messenger cable provides a grounding function, thereby eliminating the need for an additional grounding line. Multi-tap shear bolt connectors are used to connect the integrated trunk bus line to photovoltaic wires carrying the output from one or more solar panel arrays, thereby obviating the need for combiner boxes used in conventional systems.

Abstract: An electrical bus system has an integrated trunk bus that includes at least one positive bus line, an equal number of negative bus line, and a messenger cable that that are twisted together to form a single, integrated trunk bus line. The messenger cable provides mechanical support and is coupled to vertical support using brackets, ground clamps, or other suitable coupling techniques, thereby eliminating the need for cable hangers or trenching. The messenger cable provides a grounding function, thereby eliminating the need for an additional grounding line. Multi-tap shear bolt connectors are used to connect the integrated trunk bus line to photovoltaic wires carrying the output from one or more solar panel arrays, thereby obviating the need for combiner boxes used in conventional systems.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data from a mobile communication device to a remote server across a wireless network is described. The method comprising the following steps. Data is transmitted from an application executing on the mobile communication device using a standard reliable communication protocol. Prior to transmitting the data across the wireless network, receipt of the data is acknowledged, thereby simulating, to the application, receipt of the data by the remote server. Data is transmitted from the mobile communication device to the remote server using an intermediary communication protocol. A mobile communication device and a system implementing the method are also described.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data from a mobile communication device to a remote server across a wireless network is described. The method comprising the following steps. Data is transmitted from an application executing on the mobile communication device using a standard reliable communication protocol. Prior to transmitting the data across the wireless network, receipt of the data is acknowledged, thereby simulating, to the application, receipt of the data by the remote server. Data is transmitted from the mobile communication device to the remote server using an intermediary communication protocol. A mobile communication device and a system implementing the method are also described.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data from a mobile communication device to a remote server across a wireless network is described. The method comprising the following steps. Data is transmitted from an application executing on the mobile communication device using a standard reliable communication protocol. Prior to transmitting the data across the wireless network, receipt of the data is acknowledged, thereby simulating, to the application, receipt of the data by the remote server. Data is transmitted from the mobile communication device to the remote server using an intermediary communication protocol. A mobile communication device and a system implementing the method are also described.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data from a mobile communication device to a remote server across a wireless network is described. The method comprising the following steps. Data is transmitted from an application executing on the mobile communication device using a standard reliable communication protocol. Prior to transmitting the data across the wireless network, receipt of the data is acknowledged, thereby simulating, to the application, receipt of the data by the remote server. Data is transmitted from the mobile communication device to the remote server using an intermediary communication protocol. A mobile communication device and a system implementing the method are also described.

Abstract: A system is provided to facilitate communication with a client via both a first network and a second network. The system comprises a plurality of bandwidth aggregation servers, each bandwidth aggregation server configured to aggregate data packets received from the client via both the first and second networks for transmission to a destination server; and transmit data packets to the client via both the first and second networks in accordance with a scheduling algorithm, the data packets being received from a source server.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel mobile web services discovery method that is capable of fulfilling the requirements from both the clients and providers. It allows the provider to balance the cost to performance ratios and utilize the network bandwidth more effectively, while also attaining the quality levels expected by the client.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel mobile web services discovery method that is capable of fulfilling the requirements from both the clients and providers. It allows the provider to balance the cost/performance ratios and utilize the network bandwidth more effectively, while also attaining the quality levels expected by the client.

Abstract: A multi-network system is provided with a facility for storing an old or superseded router image without the need for increasing router memory. A local storage device is coupled, directly or indirectly, to a router. Before a new image is downloaded to the router, the old or superseded image is first stored in the support device. If the new image is defective or undesirable, the old image can be recovered, even if the wide area link is unopenable, by reloading the old image from the local storage device.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for performing a Fourier transform mechanically, using an array of one or more resonators. By tuning the resonators so that their natural frequencies correspond to harmonics of an input signal, the vibration of the resonators in response to the input signal may be measured to provide phase and amplitude information that is equivalent to the Fourier coefficients of the input signal. Preferably, the resonators are microelectromechanical (MEMS) resonators. Using MEMS resonators, the Fourier transform of a signal can be determined using substantially less power than would be consumed by a digital signal processor (DSP) or microprocessor performing similar calculations. MEMS resonator-based apparatus and methods according to various embodiments may be used for applications including compression and image processing.

Abstract: Apparatus is used in sensing a measured input. The apparatus includes a capacitor with a capacitance that varies non-linearly in response to the measured input, and a circuitry that derives, from the capacitance, a signal that varies substantially linearly with the measured input. The capacitor includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a gap defined by a space between the electrode. The circuitry includes an amplifier with a first input terminal in electrical communication with the first electrode, a second input terminal, and an output terminal in electrical communication with the second electrode. The capacitance of the capacitor varies as an inverse of the gap of the capacitor, the gap of the capacitor varies in response to changes in the measured input, and the signal is derived from an output of the amplifier.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for performing a Fourier transform mechanically, using an array of one or more resonators. By tuning the resonators so that their natural frequencies correspond to harmonics of an input signal, the vibration of the resonators in response to the input signal may be measured to provide phase and amplitude information that is equivalent to the Fourier coefficients of the input signal. Preferably, the resonators are microelectromechanical (MEMS) resonators. Using MEMS resonators, the Fourier transform of a signal can be determined using substantially less power than would be consumed by a digital signal processor (DSP) or microprocessor performing similar calculations. MEMS resonator-based apparatus and methods according to various embodiments may be used for applications including compression and image processing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for nulling drive feedthrough error in a sensor having first and second drive electrodes which impart vibratory motion to first and second proof masses in response to first and second opposite phase drive signals, and having first and second capacitances defined between the drive electrodes and their associated proof masses. A mismatch between the first and the second capacitance is measured. Drive feedthrough caused by the measured capacitance mismatch is nulled by adjusting the relative amplitudes of the first and second opposite phase drive signals, whereby the ratio of the amplitudes is proportional to the ratio of the first and second capacitances. A servo loop may adaptively effect the ratio of amplitudes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for nulling drive feedthrough error in a sensor having first and second drive electrodes which impart vibratory motion to first and second proof masses in response to first and second opposite phase drive signals, and having first and second capacitances defined between the drive electrodes and their associated proof masses. A mismatch between the first and the second capacitance is measured. Drive feedthrough caused by the measured capacitance mismatch is nulled by adjusting the relative amplitudes of the first and second opposite phase drive signals, whereby the ratio of the amplitudes is proportional to the ratio of the first and second capacitances. A servo loop may adaptively effect the ratio of amplitudes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for nulling drive feedthrough error in a sensor having first and second drive electrodes which impart vibratory motion to first and second proof masses in response to first and second opposite phase drive signals, and having first and second capacitances defined between the drive electrodes and their associated proof masses. A mismatch between the first and the second capacitance is measured. Drive feedthrough caused by the measured capacitance mismatch is nulled by adjusting the relative amplitudes of the first and second opposite phase drive signals, whereby the ratio of the amplitudes is proportional to the ratio of the first and second capacitances. A servo loop may adaptively effect the ratio of amplitudes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for nulling drive feedthrough error in a sensor having first and second drive electrodes which impart vibratory motion to first and second proof masses in response to first and second opposite phase drive signals, and having first and second capacitances defined between the drive electrodes and their associated proof masses. A mismatch between the first and the second capacitance is measured. Drive feedthrough caused by the measured capacitance mismatch is nulled by adjusting the relative amplitudes of the first and second opposite phase drive signals, whereby the ratio of the amplitudes is proportional to the ratio of the first and second capacitances. A servo loop may adaptively effect the ratio of amplitudes.