Abstract: A humidification system can include a heater base, a chamber, and a breathing circuit. The heater base includes a heater plate positioned in a recessed region, and a heat conductive portion of the chamber is configured to contact the heater plate. The heater base includes a guard configured to control movement of the chamber into and out of the recessed region. The guard includes an anti-racking mechanism. The chamber includes an inlet port, an outlet port. A downward extension extends into the chamber from the inlet port, and a baffle is disposed at a lower end of the downward extension. A component of the breathing circuit can include a conduit hanging end cap for shipping and storage. The end cap can include a hanging component to allow the breathing circuit component to be hung from a medical stand. The system can detect when breathing circuits are connected in reverse.

Abstract: A technique is used in embodiments of the invention such that backtracking programs can be written in a general purpose computer language (e.g., C++ or Java) without requiring the control structure of the program to reflect the structure of the decision tree. A data state and a control state are restored during backtracking. For restoring the data state, embodiments of the invention keep track of the changes made to variables and the point in execution at which the changes are made. When backtracking occurs, the data state can be restored by undoing the changes to the desired point in execution. For restoring the control state, the method of the invention provides a “failure” exception state that is invoked upon failure in the program (e.g., a failure to find a solution in a search program). The failure exception is “caught” by catch points established in the execution stack.

Abstract: A technique is used in embodiments of the invention such that backtracking programs can be written in a general purpose computer language (e.g., C++ or Java) without requiring the control structure of the program to reflect the structure of the decision tree. A data state and a control state are restored during backtracking. For restoring the data state, embodiments of the invention keep track of the changes made to variables and the point in execution at which the changes are made. When backtracking occurs, the data state can be restored by undoing the changes to the desired point in execution. For restoring the control state, the method of the invention provides a "failure" exception state that is invoked upon failure in the program (e.g., a failure to find a solution in a search program).. The failure exception is "caught" by catch points established in the execution stack.